Disparities in Health Measures By Race and Ethnicity Among Beneficiaries in Medicare Advantage: A Review of the Literature

Report
  1. Sungchul Park, Paul Fishman, and Norma B. Coe, “Racial Disparities in Avoidable Hospitalizations in Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Medical Care 59 no. 11 (November 2021): 989-996, doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000001632

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  2. Sungchul Park, Rachel Werner, and Norma Coe, “Association of Medicare Advantage Star Ratings With Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions,” Medical Care 60 no. 12 (December 2022): 872-879, DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001770

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  3. Sungchul Park, Paul Fishman, and Norma B. Coe, “Racial Disparities in Avoidable Hospitalizations in Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Medical Care 59 no. 11 (November 2021): 989-996, doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000001632

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  4. Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez, Momotazur Rahman, Vincent Mor, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Racial disparities in readmission rates among patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 67 no. 8 (August 2019): 1672-1679, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15960

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  5. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  6. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0655

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  7. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  8. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  9. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0655

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  10. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  11. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  12. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  13. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0655

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  14. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  15. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  16. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  17. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  18. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  19. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  20. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  21. Shayla N. M. Durfey et al, “Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management,” Health Services Research 54 no.S1 (February 2019): 206-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13092

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  22. Shayla N. M. Durfey et al, “Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management,” Health Services Research 54 no.S1 (February 2019): 206-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13092

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  23. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  24. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  25. Mallika Kommareddi, Kael Wherry, and Robert A Vigersky, “Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Use of Diabetes Technologies Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries With Type 1 Diabetes,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (January 2023), https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad046

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  26. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  27. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  28. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  29. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  30. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  31. Clarissa Diamantidis et al., “Disparities in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression by Medicare Advantage Enrollees,” American Journal of Nephrology 52 no. 12 (January 2022): 949–957, https://doi.org/10.1159/000519758

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  32. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  33. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0655

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  34. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  35. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  36. Kenton J. Johnston et al., “Association of Race and Ethnicity and Medicare Program Type With Ambulatory Care Access and Quality Measures,” JAMA 326, no. 7 (August 2021): 628-636, doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10413

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  37. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  38. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  39. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  40. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  41. David J. Meyers, Momotazur Rahman, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Primary Care Networks in Medicare Advantage,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 37 (February 2022): 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06534-2

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  42. Eunhae Grace Oh, David J. Meyers, Kevin H. Nguyen, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Dialysis Networks In Medicare Advantage: Exposure By Race, Ethnicity, And Dual Eligibility,” Health Affairs 42, no. 2 (February 2022): 252-260, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01044

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  43. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  44. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  45. Kenton J. Johnston et al., “Association of Race and Ethnicity and Medicare Program Type With Ambulatory Care Access and Quality Measures,” JAMA 326, no. 7 (August 2021): 628-636, doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10413

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  46. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  47. Kenton J. Johnston et al., “Association of Race and Ethnicity and Medicare Program Type With Ambulatory Care Access and Quality Measures,” JAMA 326, no. 7 (August 2021): 628-636, doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10413

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  48. Jason Lane et al., “Access to Health Care Improves COVID-19 Vaccination and Mitigates Health Disparities Among Medicare Beneficiaries,” Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (September 2022): https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01343-1

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  49. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  50. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  51. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  52. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  53. Kenton J. Johnston et al., “Association of Race and Ethnicity and Medicare Program Type With Ambulatory Care Access and Quality Measures,” JAMA 326, no. 7 (August 2021): 628-636, doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10413

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  54. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  55. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  56. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  57. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  58. Sungchul Park, Rachel M. Werner, and Norma B. Coe, “Racial and ethnic disparities in access to and enrollment in high-quality Medicare Advantage plans,” Health Services Research 58 no.2 (April 2023): 303-313, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13977

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  59. David J. Meyers et al., “Association of Medicare Advantage Star Ratings With Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Quality of Care,” JAMA Health Forum 2 no.6 (June 2021): e210793, doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.0793

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  60. Sungchul Park, Brent A. Langellier, and David J. Meyers, “Differences between integrated and non-integrated plans in Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (November 2022): 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14101

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  61. Sungchul Park, Rachel Werner, and Norma Coe, “Association of Medicare Advantage Star Ratings With Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions,” Medical Care 60 no. 12 (December 2022): 872-879, DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001770

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  62. Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez, Momotazur Rahman, Vincent Mor, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Racial disparities in readmission rates among patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 67 no. 8 (August 2019): 1672-1679, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15960

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  63. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  64. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692
    https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0655

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  65. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  66. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  67. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  68. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  69. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692
    https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0655

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  70. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  71. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692
    https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0655

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  72. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  73. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  74. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

     

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  75. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  76. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  77. Shayla N. M. Durfey et al, “Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management,” Health Services Research 54 no.S1 (February 2019): 206-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13092

    ← Return to text

  78. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  79. Shayla N. M. Durfey et al, “Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management,” Health Services Research 54 no.S1 (February 2019): 206-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13092

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  80. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  81. Mallika Kommareddi, Kael Wherry, and Robert A Vigersky, “Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Use of Diabetes Technologies Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries With Type 1 Diabetes,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (January 2023), https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad046

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  82. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  83. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  84. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  85. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  86. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

     

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  89. Shayla N. M. Durfey et al, “Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management,” Health Services Research 54 no.S1 (February 2019): 206-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13092

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  90. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  91. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  92. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  93. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  94. Clarissa Diamantidis et al., “Disparities in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression by Medicare Advantage Enrollees,” American Journal of Nephrology 52 no. 12 (January 2022): 949–957, https://doi.org/10.1159/000519758

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  95. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  96. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692
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  97. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  99. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  101. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  102. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  103. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  104. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  105. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  106. David J. Meyers, Momotazur Rahman, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Primary Care Networks in Medicare Advantage,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 37 (February 2022): 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06534-2

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  107. David J. Meyers, Momotazur Rahman, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Primary Care Networks in Medicare Advantage,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 37 (February 2022): 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06534-2

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  108. Eunhae Grace Oh, David J. Meyers, Kevin H. Nguyen, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Dialysis Networks In Medicare Advantage: Exposure By Race, Ethnicity, And Dual Eligibility,” Health Affairs 42, no. 2 (February 2022): 252-260, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01044

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  109. David J. Meyers, Momotazur Rahman, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Primary Care Networks in Medicare Advantage,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 37 (February 2022): 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06534-2

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  110. Eunhae Grace Oh, David J. Meyers, Kevin H. Nguyen, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Dialysis Networks In Medicare Advantage: Exposure By Race, Ethnicity, And Dual Eligibility,” Health Affairs 42, no. 2 (February 2022): 252-260, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01044

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  111. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  112. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  113. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  114. Jason Lane et al., “Access to Health Care Improves COVID-19 Vaccination and Mitigates Health Disparities Among Medicare Beneficiaries,” Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (September 2022): https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01343-1

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  115. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  116. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  117. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  118. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  119. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  120. Anuj Gangopadhyaya, Stephen Zuckerman, and Nikhil Rao, “Assessing the Difference in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to and Use of Care Between Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (March 2023): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14150

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  121. Sungchul Park, Rachel M. Werner, and Norma B. Coe, “Racial and ethnic disparities in access to and enrollment in high-quality Medicare Advantage plans,” Health Services Research 58 no.2 (April 2023): 303-313, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13977

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  122. David J. Meyers et al., “Association of Medicare Advantage Star Ratings With Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Quality of Care,” JAMA Health Forum 2 no.6 (June 2021): e210793, doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.0793

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  123. Sungchul Park, Brent A. Langellier, and David J. Meyers, “Differences between integrated and non-integrated plans in Medicare Advantage,” Health Services Research (November 2022): 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14101

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  124. Sungchul Park, Rachel Werner, and Norma Coe, “Association of Medicare Advantage Star Ratings With Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions,” Medical Care 60 no. 12 (December 2022): 872-879, DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001770

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  125. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

     

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  126. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692
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  127. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  128. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  129. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692
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  130. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  131. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  132. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  133. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692
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  134. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  135. Mallika Kommareddi, Kael Wherry, and Robert A Vigersky, “Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Use of Diabetes Technologies Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries With Type 1 Diabetes,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (January 2023), https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad046

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  136. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  137. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  138. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  139. Shayla N. M. Durfey et al, “Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management,” Health Services Research 54 no.S1 (February 2019): 206-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13092

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  140. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  141. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  142. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  143. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  144. Shayla N. M. Durfey et al, “Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management,” Health Services Research 54 no.S1 (February 2019): 206-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13092

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  145. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  146. Shayla N. M. Durfey et al, “Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management,” Health Services Research 54 no.S1 (February 2019): 206-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13092

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  147. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  149. Joshua Breslau et al., “Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Attainment Of Behavioral Health Quality Measures In Medicare Advantage Plans,” Health Affairs 37 no. 10 (October 2018): 1685-1692
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  150. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  151. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  152. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  153. Clarissa Diamantidis et al., “Disparities in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression by Medicare Advantage Enrollees,” American Journal of Nephrology 52 no. 12 (January 2022): 949–957, https://doi.org/10.1159/000519758

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  154. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  155. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  156. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  157. David J. Meyers, Momotazur Rahman, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Primary Care Networks in Medicare Advantage,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 37 (February 2022): 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06534-2

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  158. David J. Meyers, Momotazur Rahman, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Primary Care Networks in Medicare Advantage,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 37 (February 2022): 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06534-2

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  159. David J. Meyers, Momotazur Rahman, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Primary Care Networks in Medicare Advantage,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 37 (February 2022): 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06534-2

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  160. Eunhae Grace Oh, David J. Meyers, Kevin H. Nguyen, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Dialysis Networks In Medicare Advantage: Exposure By Race, Ethnicity, And Dual Eligibility,” Health Affairs 42, no. 2 (February 2022): 252-260, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01044

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  161. David J. Meyers, Momotazur Rahman, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Primary Care Networks in Medicare Advantage,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 37 (February 2022): 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06534-2

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  162. Eunhae Grace Oh, David J. Meyers, Kevin H. Nguyen, and Amal N. Trivedi, “Narrow Dialysis Networks In Medicare Advantage: Exposure By Race, Ethnicity, And Dual Eligibility,” Health Affairs 42, no. 2 (February 2022): 252-260, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01044

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  163. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  164. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  165. Steven C. Martino et al, Racial, Ethnic, & Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2021),  https://www.cms.gov/files/document/racial-ethnic-gender-disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage.pdf

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  166. Steven C. Martino et al, Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex (Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health, April 2023), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/disparities-health-care-medicare-advantage-race-ethnicity-and-sex.pdf-0

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  167. Sungchul Park, Rachel M. Werner, and Norma B. Coe, “Racial and ethnic disparities in access to and enrollment in high-quality Medicare Advantage plans,” Health Services Research 58 no.2 (April 2023): 303-313, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13977

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  168. David J. Meyers et al., “Association of Medicare Advantage Star Ratings With Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Quality of Care,” JAMA Health Forum 2 no.6 (June 2021): e210793, doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.0793

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  169. Steven C. Martino et al., “Disparities In The Quality Of Clinical Care Delivered To American Indian/Alaska Native Medicare Advantage Enrollees,” Health Affairs 41, no. 5 (May 2022): 663:670, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01830

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