This publication is the written testimony of Barbara Lyons, Ph.D., deputy director of the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, who testified to the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means. The May 2000 hearing was on the relationship of Medicaid and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program (TANF). Dr. Lyons’ testimony focused on how the implementation of the TANF program has affected Medicaid coverage for low-income families. She detailed the reasons the TANF program has contributed to a decline in Medicaid enrollment in recent years.