Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Screening and Counseling Services in Clinical Settings
| Appendix Table 1: 12 Month and Lifetime Prevalence of Contact Sexual Violence, Physical Violence, and/or Stalking Victimization by Intimate Partner, U.S. Women 2010-2012 Estimates | ||||
| State | Lifetime % Experienced IPV |
Lifetime Number Experienced IPV |
12 Month % Experienced IPV |
12 Month Number Experienced IPV |
| United States | 37% | 44,981,000 | 7% | 7,919,000 |
| Alabama | 38% | 713,000 | 9% | 166,000 |
| Alaska | 43% | 109,000 | 7% | 18,000 |
| Arizona | 43% | 1,040,000 | 8% | 187,000 |
| Arkansas | 41% | 464,000 | 9% | 97,000 |
| California | 35% | 4,939,000 | 5% | 725,000 |
| Colorado | 37% | 706,000 | 7% | 139,000 |
| Connecticut | 38% | 539,000 | NR | NR |
| Delaware | 38% | 136,000 | 8% | 27,000 |
| District of Columbia | 39% | 104,000 | NR | NR |
| Florida | 38% | 2,891,000 | 6% | 474,000 |
| Georgia | 37% | 1,405,000 | NR | NR |
| Hawaii | 35% | 181,000 | NR | NR |
| Idaho | 33% | 189,000 | 5% | 27,000 |
| Illinois | 42% | 208,000 | 9% | 443,000 |
| Indiana | 43% | 1,066,000 | 5% | 123,000 |
| Iowa | 35% | 417,000 | NR | NR |
| Kansas | 34% | 367,000 | NR | NR |
| Kentucky | 45% | 775,000 | 10% | 168,000 |
| Louisiana | 36% | 636,000 | 9% | 158,000 |
| Maine | 39% | 214,000 | NR | NR |
| Maryland | 34% | 796,000 | 5% | 109,000 |
| Massachusetts | 34% | 913,000 | 7% | 188,000 |
| Michigan | 36% | 1,412,000 | 8% | 301,000 |
| Minnesota | 34% | 694,000 | 8% | 171,000 |
| Mississippi | 40% | 458,000 | NR | NR |
| Missouri | 42% | 990,000 | 7% | 160,000 |
| Montana | 37% | 143,000 | NR | NR |
| Nebraska | 34% | 234,000 | 8% | 58,000 |
| Nevada | 44% | 438,000 | 9% | 88,000 |
| New Hampshire | 44% | 184,000 | NR | NR |
| New Jersey | 36% | 1,248,000 | 8% | 273,000 |
| New Mexico | 38% | 295,000 | NR | NR |
| New York | 32% | 2,507,000 | 7% | 508,000 |
| North Carolina | 35% | 1,325,000 | 5% | 182,000 |
| North Dakota | 30% | 77,000 | NR | NR |
| Ohio | 38% | 1,739,000 | 6% | 262,000 |
| Oklahoma | 40% | 577,000 | 7% | 99,000 |
| Oregon | 40% | 603,000 | 6% | 97,000 |
| Pennsylvania | 37% | 1,907,000 | 6% | 325,000 |
| Rhode Island | 33% | 141,000 | 4% | 18,000 |
| South Carolina | 42% | 780,000 | 11% | 195,000 |
| South Dakota | 28% | 86,000 | NR | NR |
| Tennessee | 40% | 999,000 | 7% | 171,000 |
| Texas | 40% | 3,726,000 | 8% | 709,000 |
| Utah | 34% | 323,000 | NR | NR |
| Vermont | 39% | 100,000 | NR | NR |
| Virginia | 34% | 1,063,000 | 6% | 176,000 |
| Washington | 41% | 1,079,000 | 9% | 235,000 |
| West Virginia | 39% | 295,000 | 8% | 60,000 |
| Wisconsin | 36% | 805,000 | NR | NR |
| Wyoming | 34% | 71,000 | NR | NR |
| NOTES: NR = No response recorded; only states with statistically reliable estimates are shown. Number of victims rounded to the nearest thousand. SOURCE: CDC. National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010-2012 State Report, April 2017. |
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| Appendix Table 2: Screening Tests | |||
| Measure | Components | Scoring | Sensitivity; Specificity |
| Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream (HITS) | H: Hurt: Has your partner ever physically hurt you in the past 12 months? | 5-point Likert scale, self-report or clinician administered survey; score ranges from 4-20 points, ≥11 indicates abuse. | 86%; 99% |
| I: Insult: Has your partner ever insulted you in the past 12 months? | |||
| T: Threaten: Has your partner ever threatened to harm you in the past 12 months? | |||
| S: Has your partner ever screamed or cursed at you in the past 12 months? | |||
| E: Extended: Has your partner ever forced you to have sexual activities in the past 12 months? | |||
| Parent Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) | 1. Have you ever been in a relationship in which you were physically hurt or threatened by a partner? | Dichotomous scale; score ranges from 0-3. | 19%; 93% |
| 2. In the past year, have you been afraid of a partner? | |||
| 3. In the past year, have you thought of getting a court order for protection? | |||
| Ongoing Violence Assessment Tool (OVAT) | 1. At the present time, does your partner threaten you with a weapon? | Dichotomous scale; score ranges from 0-4. | 86-93%; 83-86% |
| 2. At the present time, does your partner beat you so badly that you must seek medical help? | |||
| 3. At the present time, does your partner act like he/she would like to kill you? | |||
| 4. My partner has no respect for my feelings. | |||
| Secure, Acceptance, Family, Even, Talk Measure (SAFE-T) | 1. I feel comfortable/Secure in my home/apartment. | Dichotomous scale; score ranges from 0-5. | 54%; 81% |
| 2. My husband/partner Accepts who me just the way I am. | |||
| 3. My Family likes my husband/partner. | |||
| 4. My husband/partner has an Even/calm disposition. | |||
| 5. If my husband/partner and I disagree, we resolve our differences by Talking it out. | |||
| Partner Violence Screen (PVS) | 1. Have you ever been hit, kicked, punched, or otherwise hurt by someone in the past year? If so, by whom? | Dichotomous scale, clinician administered; score ranges from 0-3, with ≥1 indicates IPV. | 49%; 94% |
| 2. Do you feel safe in your current relationship? | |||
| 3. Is there a partner from a previous relationship who is making you feel unsafe now? | |||
| Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) | 1. In general, how would you describe your relationship—a lot of tension, some tension, no tension? | 3-point response (0=never, 1=sometimes, 2=often) scale; scores range from 0-16; ≥4 indicates exposure to IPV. | 47-88%; 89-96% |
| 2. Do you and your partner work out arguments with great difficulty, some difficulty, or no difficulty? | |||
| (#3–#7 response options: often, sometimes, never) | |||
| 3. Do arguments ever result in you feeling down or bad about yourself? | |||
| 4. Do arguments ever result in hitting, kicking, or pushing? | |||
| 5. Do you ever feel frightened by what your partner says or does? | |||
| 6. Has your partner ever abused you physically? | |||
| 7. Has your partner ever abused you emotionally? | |||
| 8. Has your partner ever abused you sexually? | |||
| Slapped, Threatened, Throw (STaT) | S: Have you ever been in a relationship where your partner has pushed or Slapped you? | Dichotomous, self-report scale; score ranges from 0-3. | 96%; 75% |
| T: Have you ever been in a relationship where your partner Threatened you with violence? | |||
| aT: Have you ever been in a relationship where your partner has Thrown, broken or punched things? | |||
| Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) | 1. Have you ever been emotionally or physically abused by your partner or someone important to you? | Dichotomous scale, clinician administered survey; scores range from 0-5, with any positive response considered a positive screen. | 32-93%; 55-99% |
| 2. Within the last year, have you been hit, slapped, kicked or otherwise physically hurt by someone? | |||
| 3. (If applicable): Since you’ve been pregnant, have you been slapped, kicked or otherwise physically hurt by someone? | |||
| 4. Within the last year, has anyone forced you to have sexual activities? (circle all that apply): husband, ex-husband, boyfriend, stranger, other, multiple. | |||
| 5. Are you afraid of your partner or anyone you listed above? | |||
| Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick (HARK) | H: Humiliation: Within the last year, have you been humiliated or emotionally abused in other ways by your partner or ex-partner? | Dichotomous scale, self-report survey, adapted from AAS; scoring ranges from 0-4. | 81%; 95% |
| A: Afraid: Within the last year, have you been afraid of your partner or ex-partner? | |||
| R: Rape: Within the last year, have you been raped or forced to have any kind of sexual activity by your partner ex-partner? | |||
| K: Kick: Within the last year, have you been kicked, hit, slapped, or otherwise physically hurt by your partner or ex-partner? | |||
| Modified Conflict Tactics Scale-Revised Short Form (CTQ-SF) | 1. I didn’t have enough to eat | 8-point Likert scale, self-report survey; positive response (anything other than never) indicates exposure to IPV. | 85%; 88% |
| 2. I knew that there was someone to take care of me and protect me | |||
| 3. People in my family called me things (“stupid”, “lazy”, or “ugly”) | |||
| 4. My parents were too drunk or high to take care of the family | |||
| 5. Someone in my family helped me feel important or special | |||
| 6. I had to wear dirty clothes | |||
| 7. I felt loved | |||
| 8. I thought that my parents wished I had never been born | |||
| 9. I got hit so hard by someone in my family that I had to see a doctor | |||
| 10. There was nothing I wanted to change about my family | |||
| 11. People in my family hit me so had it left marks or bruises | |||
| 12. People in my family looked out for each other | |||
| 13. People in my family looked out for each other | |||
| 14. People in my family said hurtful or insulting things to me | |||
| 15. I believe that I was physically abused | |||
| 16. I had the perfect childhood | |||
| 17. I got hit or beaten so badly that it was noticed by someone | |||
| 18. Someone in my family hated me | |||
| 19. People in my family felt close to each other | |||
| 20. Someone tried to touch me or make me touch them in a sexual way | |||
| 21. Someone threatened to hurt/lie about me unless I did sexual things with them | |||
| 22. I had the best family in the world | |||
| 23. Someone tried to make me do sexual things or watch sexual things | |||
| 24. Someone molested me (took advantage of me sexually) | |||
| 25. I believe that I was emotionally abused | |||
| 26. There was someone to take me to the doctor if I needed one | |||
| 27. I believe that I was sexually abused | |||
| 28. My family was a source of strength and support | |||
| Ongoing Abuse Screen (OAS) | 1. At the present time, does your partner threaten you with a weapon? | Dichotomous scale; scores range from 0-5. | 60%; 90% |
| 2. Are you presently being hit, slapped, kicked, or otherwise physically hurt by your partner or someone important to you? | |||
| 3. Are you presently forced to have sexual activities? | |||
| 4. Are you afraid of your partner or anyone of the following (circle if appropriate): husband/
wife, ex-husband/ex-wife, boyfriend/girlfriend, stranger |
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| 5. (If pregnant) Have you ever been hit, slapped, kicked, or otherwise physically hurt by your partner or someone important to you during pregnancy? | |||
| Source: WPSI, Clinical Screening Instruments for IPV Evaluated in Studies, December 2016. | |||
| Appendix Table 3: Danger Assessment-5 tool |
| 1. Has the physical violence increased in frequency or severity over the past year? |
| 2. Has your partner (or ex) ever used a weapon against you or threatened you with a weapon? |
| 3. Do you believe your partner (or ex) is capable of killing you? |
| 4. Has your partner (or ex) ever tried to choke (strangle) you? |
| · If yes, did he ever choke you? |
| · About how long ago? |
| · Did it happen more than once? |
| · Did you ever lose consciousness or think you may have? |
| 5. Is your partner (or ex) violently and constantly jealous of you? |
| SOURCE: Campbell, JC, Danger Assessment, 2004. |
| Appendix Table 4: Resources for Addressing Intimate Partner Violence | |
| Name | Contact |
| National Domestic Violence Hotline | 800-799-7233 or 800-799-SAFE TTY: 800-787-3224 www.thehotline.org |
| National Dating Abuse Helpline | 866-331-9474 Text “loveis” to 22522 www.loveisrespect.org |
| National Sexual Assault Hotline | 800-656-4673 or 800-656-HOPE https://rainn.org |
| The Northwest Network (LGBT Resources) | 206-568-7777 www.nwnetwork.org |
| National Child Abuse Hotline | 800-422-4453 or 800-4-A-CHILD www.childhelp.org |
| National Suicide Prevention Lifeline | 800-273-8255 https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org |
| SOURCE: Miller E, McCaw B, Intimate Partner Violence, February 2019. | |