Sources

The fact sheets include both state and national level data. Where state-level data was not available, national-level data was used to provide additional context. For specific sources used in the fact sheets, see below.

Total population: State Health Facts. “Total Number of Residents, 2017.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-residents/.

Share of population that is low income: State Health Facts. “Distribution of the Total Population by Federal Poverty Level (above and below 200% FPL), 2017.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/population-up-to-200-fpl/.

Share of population covered by Medicaid/CHIP: State Health Facts. “Health Insurance Coverage of the Total Population, 2017.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-population/.

State expansion status: “Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions, September 2019.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map/.

Number of adults in the coverage gap: Rachel Garfield, Kendal Orgera, and Anthony Damico. The Coverage Gap: Uninsured Poor Adults in States that Do Not Expand Medicaid (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2019),  https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-coverage-gap-uninsured-poor-adults-in-states-that-do-not-expand-medicaid//.

Number of adults in the expansion group: State Health Facts. “Medicaid Expansion Enrollment, 2017.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/medicaid-expansion-enrollment/.

• See notes regarding NE, ID, and UT expansion status and enrollment here: https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map/.

Uninsured rates: State Health Facts. “Health Insurance Coverage of Nonelderly 0-64, 2017.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/nonelderly-0-64/.

Medicaid covers:

• Adults ages 19-64: State Health Facts. “Medicaid Coverage Rates for the Nonelderly by Age, 2017.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/rate-by-age-3/.
• Children: State Health Facts. “Medicaid Coverage Rates for the Nonelderly by Age, 2017.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/rate-by-age-3/.
• Nursing home residents: State Health Facts. “Distribution of Certified Nursing Facility Residents by Primary Payer Source, 2017.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/distribution-of-certified-nursing-facilities-by-primary-payer-source/.
• Individuals with disabilities: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of the 2017 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
• Medicare beneficiaries:
  • U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Medicare-Medicaid Enrollment (MME): Total Medicare-Medicaid Enrollees by Type of Eligibility and Area of Residence, Calendar Year 2017 (CMS, Office of Enterprise and Data Analytics, Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse, 2016), https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/CMSProgramStatistics/2017/Downloads/MDCR_ENROLL_AB/2017_CPS_MDCR_ENROLL_AB_42.PDF.
  • U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Total Medicare Enrollment: Total, Original Medicare, and Medicare Advantage and Other Health Plan Enrollment and Resident Population, by Area of Residence, Calendar Year 2017 (CMS, Office of Enterprise Data and Analytics, Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse; United States Census Bureau, 2017), https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/CMSProgramStatistics/2017/Downloads/MDCR_ENROLL_AB/2017_CPS_MDCR_ENROLL_AB_2.pdf.

Share of adult Medicaid enrollees working: Rachel Garfield, Robin Rudowitz, Kendal Orgera, and Anthony Damico. Understanding the Intersection of Medicaid and Work: What Does the Data Say? (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, August 2019), https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/understanding-the-intersection-of-medicaid-and-work-what-does-the-data-say/. For more information on which states have approved or pending Section 1115 Medicaid waivers, see the Medicaid Waiver Tracker, including work requirements, at https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-waiver-tracker-approved-and-pending-section-1115-waivers-by-state/.

Share of children with special health care needs covered by Medicaid: MaryBeth Musumeci and Priya Chidambaram. Medicaid’s Role for Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Look at Eligibility, Services, and Spending (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, July 2019), https://www.kff.org/report-section/medicaids-role-for-children-with-special-health-care-needs-a-look-at-eligibility-services-and-spending-appendix-2/.

Median eligibility levels:

• 100% of FPL for family of three and individual: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. U.S. Federal Poverty Guidelines Used to Determine Financial Eligibility for Certain Federal Programs (January 2019), https://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty-guidelines.
• Children: State Health Facts. “Medicaid and CHIP Income Eligibility Limits for Children as a Percent of the Federal Poverty Level, January 2019.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/medicaid-and-chip-income-eligibility-limits-for-children-as-a-percent-of-the-federal-poverty-level/.
• Pregnant women: State Health Facts. “Medicaid and CHIP Income Eligibility Limits for Pregnant Women, 2003-2019.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/medicaid-and-chip-income-eligibility-limits-for-pregnant-women/.
• Parents & Childless adults: State Health Facts. “Medicaid Income Eligibility Limits for Adults as a Percent of the Federal Poverty Level, January 2019.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/medicaid-income-eligibility-limits-for-adults-as-a-percent-of-the-federal-poverty-level/.
  • As of April 2019, Utah updated their annual income guidelines, changing eligibility for parents and childless adults to 100% of the FPL. For more information on this partial Medicaid expansion, see: https://medicaid.utah.gov/expansion and https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/partial-medicaid-expansion-with-aca-enhanced-matching-funds-implications-for-financing-and-coverage/.
• Seniors & people w/ disabilities: MaryBeth Musumeci, Priya Chidambaram, and Molly O’Malley Watts. Medicaid Financial Eligibility for Seniors and People with Disabilities: Findings from a 50-State Survey (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, June 2019), https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-financial-eligibility-for-seniors-and-people-with-disabilities-findings-from-a-50-state-survey/.

Medicaid enrollees & expenditures:

• State Health Facts. “Medicaid Enrollees by Enrollment Group, FY2014.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/distribution-of-medicaid-enrollees-by-enrollment-group/.
  • Note: “Unknown” enrollees are not included.
• State Health Facts. “Medicaid Spending by Enrollment Group, FY2014.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/medicaid-spending-by-enrollment-group/.
  • Note: “Unknown” expenditures are not included.

Medicaid spending by service:

• Note: Values may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
• State Health Facts. “Distribution of Medicaid Spending by Service, FY 2018.” Kaiser Family Foundation, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/distribution-of-medicaid-spending-by-service/.
  • Spending by service data for Connecticut and Louisiana is from 2017 due to adjustments in various categories in 2018.
• For more information on fee-for-service acute care spending, see: https://www.kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/spending-on-acute-care/.

Nationally Medicaid pays for:

• Health care system: U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). National Health Expenditure Data Fact Sheet: Table 4, National Health Expenditures by Source of Funds and Type of Expenditure: Calendar Years 2011-2017 (CMS, April 2019), https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NHE-Fact-Sheet.html.
• Long-term services and supports: U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). National Health Expenditure Data Fact Sheet: Table 4, National Health Expenditures by Source of Funds and Type of Expenditure: Calendar Years 2011-2017 (CMS, April 2019), https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NHE-Fact-Sheet.html.
  • Total LTSS expenditures include spending on residential care facilities, nursing homes, home health services, and home and community-based waiver services. LTSS expenditures also include spending on ambulance providers and some post-acute care and does not include Medicare spending on post-acute care ($81.5 billion in 2017).

States have flexibility in their Medicaid design: Samantha Artiga, Elizabeth Hinton, Robin Rudowitz, and MaryBeth Musumeci. Current Flexibility in Medicaid: An Overview of Federal Standards and State Options (Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, January 2017), https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/current-flexibility-in-medicaid-an-overview-of-federal-standards-and-state-options/.

Share of those that hold favorable views of Medicaid: Ashley Kirzinger, Cailey Muñana, and Mollyann Brodie. Kaiser Health Tracking Poll – July 2019: The Future of the ACA and Possible Changes to the Current System, Preview of Priorities Heading Into 2^nd Democratic Debate (San Francisco, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation, July 2019), https://www.kff.org/health-reform/poll-finding/kff-health-tracking-poll-july-2019/.

National access and satisfaction measures: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2018. Doctor visit among nonelderly adults (ages 18 to 64) refers to any health professional in the past year.