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Medicare Part D

How Medicare Advantage Rebates Disadvantage Medicare’s Stand-Alone Drug Plan Market

Rebates that reduce Part D premiums for Medicare Advantage plans with drug coverage make it harder for stand-alone prescription drug plans (PDPs) to compete. That may contribute to instability in the PDP market relied on by people in traditional Medicare. The number of Part D stand-alone Rx drug plan options for the avg Medicare beneficiary has fallen by half in recent years, while Medicare Advantage drug plan options have risen.

Also: Medicare Part D Enrollment, Premiums, and Cost Sharing in 2026

Analyzing Changes in Medicare Part D Enrollment for 2026

Stand-Alone Drug Plans Cover a Larger Share of Part D Enrollees Living in the Most Rural Areas Than Medicare Advantage Plans

A Current Snapshot of the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit

Changes to Medicare Part D in 2024 and 2025 Under the Inflation Reduction Act and How Enrollees Will Benefit

NEW AND NOTEWORTHY

What to Know About Medicare Coverage of Telehealth

Congress has repeatedly extended pandemic-era flexibilities around Medicare coverage of telehealth, but most such flexibilities remain temporary. This brief answers key questions about the current scope of Medicare telehealth coverage, including both temporary and permanent changes adopted through legislation and regulation, and future policy considerations.

Examining the Potential Impact of Medicare’s New WISeR Model

A federal initiative to establish new prior authorization requirements in traditional Medicare, called the Wasteful and Inappropriate Service Reduction (WISeR) model, is likely to have only modest impact in its first year.

State Profiles for Dual-Eligible Individuals

This data collection draws on Medicare and Medicaid administrative data to present national and state-level information on people who are covered by both Medicare and Medicaid, referred to as dual-eligible individuals (also known as dually-enrolled beneficiaries).

Medicare Advantage

Medicare Advantage in 2026: Enrollment Update and Key Trends

More than half (55%) of eligible Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in Medicare Advantage in 2026, continuing a decades-long shift toward private plans. Special Needs Plans have driven recent growth, with nearly 1 in 4 enrollees now in such plans.
To better understand trends in the growth of the Medicare Advantage program, this brief provides current information about enrollment, including by plan type and firm.

See Also: Medicare Advantage in 2026: Premiums, Out-of-Pocket Limits, Supplemental Benefits, and Prior Authorization

How Medicare Pays Medicare Advantage Plans: Issues and Policy Options

Medicare Advantage Enrollees Have Access to About Half of the Physicians Available to Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries

Medicare Advantage Insurers Made Nearly 53 Million Prior Authorization Determinations in 2024

Medicare Advantage Out-of-Pocket Limits: Variation & Trends

Prescription Drugs

What to Know About the BALANCE Model for GLP-1s in Medicare and Medicaid and the Medicare GLP-1 Bridge

CMS's temporary program to cover GLP-1 drugs for obesity in Medicare, called the BALANCE model, will not launch as scheduled on January 1, 2027. Instead, CMS is extending the Medicare GLP-1 Bridge, a separate short-term program that was to run from July to December 2026. It will now run through the end of 2027.

Key Facts About Medicare Drug Price Negotiation

Recent Trends in GLP-1 Use and Spending in Medicare

What to Know About Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) and Federal Efforts at Regulation

The IRA Has Improved Coverage of Drugs Selected for Medicare Price Negotiation

Data Visualization

The Facts About Medicare Spending

This interactive provides the facts on Medicare spending. Medicare, which serves 67 million people and accounts for 12 percent of the federal budget and 21 percent of national health spending, is often the focus of discussions about health expenditures, health care affordability and the sustainability of federal health programs. u003cbru003eu003cbru003eExplore data on enrollment growth, Medicare spending trends overall and per person, growth in Medicare spending relative to private insurance, spending on benefits and Medicare Advantage, Part A trust fund solvency challenges, and growth in out-of-pocket spending by beneficiaries.u003cbru003eu003cbru003eu003ca href=u0022https://www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/faqs-on-medicare-financing-and-trust-fund-solvency/u0022 data-type=u0022linku0022 data-id=u0022https://www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/faqs-on-medicare-financing-and-trust-fund-solvency/u0022u003eRelated:u003ca href=u0022https://www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/faqs-on-medicare-financing-and-trust-fund-solvency/u0022u003e FAQs on Medicare Financing and Trust Fund Solvencyu003c/au003eu003c/au003e

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  • Learning From History: Deinstitutionalization of People with Mental Illness As Precursor to Long-Term Care Reform

    Report

    This report examines what policy lessons can be learned from the deinstitutionalization of people with mental illnesses and applied to potential long-term care reform for the elderly or those with significant disabilities. The study assesses the reforms that took place under deinstitutionalization, their impact and what mistakes were made. It also discusses the take-away lessons for long-term care policy, with a focus on planning, financing, living situations and the role of families, workplace issues, and…

  • The Role of State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs in Serving Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries Following the Implementation of Medicare Part D

    Issue Brief

    The Role of State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs in Serving Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries Following the Implementation of Medicare Part D Prior to January 1, 2006, State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs helped to fill a critical gap in coverage for Medicare beneficiaries without prescription drug coverage, targeting resources to beneficiaries with relatively low incomes. With the inception of the Medicare prescription drug benefit, the role of SPAPs began to change. This policy brief examines the role of state…

  • Private Fee-For-Service Plans In Medicare: Rapid Growth and Future Implications

    Event

    Kaiser Family Foundation Vice President Patricia Neuman, Ph.D., testified May 2007 before the House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health on the rapid growth of private fee-for-service plans in the Medicare program and its implications for seniors and people with disabilities. Dr. Neuman is director of the Foundation's Medicare Policy Project. Testimony (.pdf)

  • The Impact of Part D on Dual Eligibles Who Spend-Down to Medicaid

    Issue Brief

    Individuals with incomes exceeding thresholds for regular Medicaid eligibility may qualify under state medically needy programs by spending down excess income on healthcare services. For the vulnerable population of Medicare beneficiaries who spend down to Medicaid, the Part D transition has added additional complexities that may result in disruptions in pharmacy coverage and add financial burdens. This paper explores the inter-relationship of Medicare prescription drug coverage and Medicaid spend-down for the medically needy. It describes…

  • Perspectives on Medicare Part D and Dual Eligibles: Key Informants’ Views From Three States

    Report

    In 2006, low-income individuals receiving health coverage through both the Medicaid and Medicare programs, “dual eligibles,” experienced a change in their prescription drug benefit when their Medicaid prescription coverage was replaced by the Medicare prescription drug program known as Medicare Part D. This study provides information on the ongoing successes and challenges that dual eligibles faced in the first eight months of Part D and how different state approaches may affect dual eligibles’ ability to…

  • Medicare Advantage Chartpack

    Report

    These charts highlight key data about the Medicare Advantage program, which has grown rapidly in terms of enrollment and number of plans since the enactment of the Medicare Modernization Act in 2003. The package includes a map showing Medicare Advantage penetration by state as well as key facts about private fee-for-service plans, which have contributed significantly to the recent growth of the Medicare Advantage program. Chartpack (.pdf)

  • Prescription Drug Sources Among Medicare Beneficiaries

    Report

    Note: Estimates are rounded to the nearest whole number, therefore do not sum to total. (1) Includes Veterans Administration, Indian Health Service, employer plans without retiree subsidies, employer plans for active workers, and state pharmaceutical assistance programs. (2) Includes employer/union, FEHB, and TRICARE coverage. (3) Approximately 0.5 million dual eligibles are enrolled in Medicare Advantage drug plans and are reported in this category. Source: HHS, January 30, 2007. Data as of January 16, 2007.

  • Medicare Consumer-Directed Health Plan: Medicare MSAs and HSA-like Plans in 2007

    Issue Brief

    Medicare Consumer-Directed Health Plan: Medicare MSAs and HSA-like Plans in 2007 This March 2007 issue brief, commissioned by the Kaiser Family Foundation, examines the development of consumer-directed health plans in the Medicare program. Medicare Medical Savings Account plans have high deductibles accompanied by a personal savings account that can be used to pay for medical expenses. The paper examines how such plans operate in Medicare, how they differ from other types of Medicare Advantage plans…

  • The Basics of Medicare and Medicaid

    Issue Brief

    Together, Medicare and Medicaid provide health coverage to about 90 million Americans. To help explain the two programs, the Kaiser Family Foundation issued a new primer on the Medicare program and an updated version of its primer on the Medicaid program. Prepared by Kaiser staff, the primers provide an overview of the programs, who they serve, how the programs work and how they are financed. Medicare: A Primer Medicaid: A Primer