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Prescription Drugs

Recent Trends in GLP-1 Use and Spending in Medicare

New data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services shows that use of and spending for GLP-1 drugs under Medicare grew substantially between 2019 and 2024. Medicare covers GLP-1 drugs for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and sleep apnea, but current law prohibits Medicare from covering drugs for weight loss.

FAQs About the IRA's Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program

A Current Snapshot of the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit

What to Know About Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) and Federal Efforts at Regulation

President Trump Proposes Codifying MFN Drug Pricing Deals But Key Details Are Missing

New & Noteworthy

What to Know About Pharmacy Benefit Managers and Federal Efforts at Regulation

The top three pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) manage 79% of prescription drug claims on behalf of 270 million people. We look at the role PBMs play in influencing drug costs and access to medicines, as well as efforts to regulate them.

State Profiles for Dual-Eligible Individuals

This data collection draws on Medicare and Medicaid administrative data to present national and state-level information on people who are covered by both Medicare and Medicaid, referred to as dual-eligible individuals (also known as dually-enrolled beneficiaries).

Medicare Advantage

Medicare Advantage Insurers Made Nearly 53 Million Prior Authorization Determinations in 2024

Medicare Advantage insurers made nearly 53 million prior authorization determinations in 2024, up from 49.8 million in 2023. They fully or partially denied 4.1 million, or 7.7%, of the prior authorization requests they received. Just 11.5% of all denials were appealed, but in the vast majority of those cases (80.7%) the initial denial was overturned.

Prior authorization determinations represent requests for approval that providers must submit before providing a service. Lawmakers of both major political parties have pressed insurers on their prior authorization practices, which consumers say unfairly erect barriers to needed care.

How Medicare Pays Medicare Advantage Plans: Issues and Policy Options

Medicare Advantage Enrollees Have Access to About Half of the Physicians Available to Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries

1 in 6 Medicare Advantage Enrollees Had a Diagnosis Added on a Chart Review That Increased Federal Payments to their Insurer

Medicare Advantage 2026 Spotlight: A First Look at Plan Offerings

Medicare Part D

Premiums Are Decreasing for Many Stand-Alone Part D Drug Plans in a Number of States in 2026

This analysis finds that monthly premiums for many Part D stand-alone prescription drug plans (PDPs) in a number of states will be lower in 2026 than they were this year. At the same time, the total number of PDPs, which provide prescription drug coverage to people in traditional Medicare, will fall for the third year in a row, as insurers continue to scale back their offerings and adjust to higher costs under the redesigned Part D benefit, reflecting changes in the Inflation Reduction Act.

The Uncertain Future of Medicare's Stand-Alone PDP Market and Why It Matters

Stand-Alone Drug Plans Cover a Larger Share of Part D Enrollees Living in the Most Rural Areas Than Medicare Advantage Plans

A Current Snapshot of the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit

Changes to Medicare Part D in 2024 and 2025 Under the Inflation Reduction Act and How Enrollees Will Benefit

Data Visualization

The Facts About Medicare Spending

This interactive provides the facts on Medicare spending. Medicare, which serves 67 million people and accounts for 12 percent of the federal budget and 21 percent of national health spending, is often the focus of discussions about health expenditures, health care affordability and the sustainability of federal health programs.

Explore data on enrollment growth, Medicare spending trends overall and per person, growth in Medicare spending relative to private insurance, spending on benefits and Medicare Advantage, Part A trust fund solvency challenges, and growth in out-of-pocket spending by beneficiaries.

Related: FAQs on Medicare Financing and Trust Fund Solvency

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Medicare Open Enrollment

Beneficiaries Have 32 Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug Plans Available, on Average, for 2026

The average Medicare beneficiary will be able to choose among 32 Medicare Advantage plans with prescription drug coverage for 2026, two fewer than in 2025. The number of MA-PD options has grown steadily since 2010, peaking in 2024 when the average Medicare beneficiary had 36 options. Open enrollment runs October 15 through December 7.

Also: Medicare Open Enrollment FAQs

Premiums Are Decreasing for Many Stand-Alone Drug Plans in a Number of States in 2026

A Current Snapshot of the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit

The Role of SHIPs in Helping People with Medicare Navigate Their Coverage

What to Know About the Medicare Open Enrollment Period and Medicare Coverage Options

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  • New Alzheimer’s Drugs Spark Hope for Patients and Cost Concerns for Medicare

    Policy Watch

    The Food and Drug Administration granted full approval to Leqembi, a new Alzheimer's drug, on July 6, 2023. This updated policy watch focuses on the implications of Medicare coverage of the drug for program spending as well as equity and affordability issues for beneficiaries, and the potential for the Inflation Reduction Act to address the spending impacts. It also covers additional details from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services about patient registries.

  • What Could New Anti-Obesity Drugs Mean for Medicare?

    Policy Watch

    In this piece, we discuss Medicare coverage of obesity treatments, the potential cost implications if Medicare covers anti-obesity drugs, and how the Inflation Reduction Act could potentially address these cost concerns.

  • How Do Dual-Eligible Individuals Get Their Medicare Coverage?

    Issue Brief

    People who are dually eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid coverage can get their Medicare coverage in a variety of ways. The brief breaks out the data for traditional Medicare, Medicare Advantage plans that are available to all Medicare beneficiaries, and plans that are designed specifically for dual-eligible beneficiaries.

  • Key Facts About Medicare Part D Enrollment and Costs in 2023

    Issue Brief

    The Medicare Part D program provides an outpatient prescription drug benefit to older adults and people with long-term disabilities in Medicare who enroll in private plans. This brief analyzes Medicare Part D enrollment and costs in 2023 and trends over time. The analysis highlights the substantial growth of Medicare Advantage drug plans in the marketplace for Part D drug coverage, where enrollment overall is concentrated in a handful of large plan sponsors.

  • Half of All Eligible Medicare Beneficiaries Are Now Enrolled in Private Medicare Advantage Plans

    Policy Watch

    Recently released data show that Medicare Advantage, the private plan alternative to traditional Medicare, now covers half of eligible Medicare beneficiaries. As the role of Medicare Advantage grows, so will interest in understanding how well the program serves the increasingly diverse group of enrollees who receive their Medicare coverage from private insurers.

  • Lower Flu Vaccination Rates Among Black, Hispanic, and Low-Income Seniors Suggest Challenges for COVID-19 Vaccination Efforts

    Issue Brief

    People 65 and older, who have been hardest hit by COVID-19 in terms of hospitalizations and deaths, are also at high risk of severe flu illness and are more likely to die of the flu than younger people. This analysis explores variation in the rate of flu vaccination among adults ages 65 and older covered by Medicare, and reasons cited for not getting vaccinated, based on data from the 2018 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey.

  • Analysis Examines the Affordable Care Act’s Impact on Nearly All Americans

    News Release

    A week after the 2020 elections, the Supreme Court is scheduled to hear arguments on a legal challenge, supported by the Trump administration, that seeks to overturn the Affordable Care Act, an outcome that would have major effects throughout the health care system as the law’s provisions have affected nearly all Americans in some way.

  • KFF Health Tracking Poll – October 2021: Home And Community Based Services And Seniors’ Health Care Needs

    Feature

    The October KFF Health Tracking Poll explores experiences with unpaid caregiving, and favorability of expansion of home and community based services (HCBS). It also examines experiences with difficulty affording and putting of health care services among seniors, favorability of the ACA and experience with determining eligibility for lower cost insurance as part of the COVID relief package.