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Immigrant Health

Key Facts

Key Facts on Health Coverage of Immigrants

As of 2023, there were 47.1 million immigrants residing in the U.S., including 22.4 million noncitizen immigrants and 24.7 million naturalized citizens, who each accounted for about 7% of the total population.

Noncitizen immigrants are more likely to be uninsured than citizens because they have more limited access to private coverage due to working in jobs that are less likely to provide health benefits. They also face eligibility restrictions for federally funded coverage options, including Medicaid, CHIP, the ACA marketplace and Medicare.

5 Key Facts About Immigrants and Medicaid

Children of Immigrants: Key Facts on Health Coverage and Care

Key Facts on Health Care Use and Costs Among Immigrants

The Role of Adult Children of Immigrants in the U.S. Health Care Workforce

Immigration Enforcement and Health

Potential Impacts of Mass Detention and Deportation Efforts on the Health and Well-Being of Immigrant Families

KFF focus groups with immigrant families during the first Trump administration found that restrictive immigration policies led to increased fears among immigrant families across immigration statuses. That had negative effects on health and well-being and led to reluctance to seek health care and enroll in programs for which lawfully present immigrants were eligible. Mass deportations could also negatively affect health care and other industries by depriving them of workers.

Recent State Actions Impacting Immigrants’ Access to State-Funded Health Coverage

Policy Bars Many Immigrants from a Broad Range of Federal Health and Social Supports

Key Facts on Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)

Health Implications of Immigration Policies Under a Second Trump Administration

Survey of Immigrants

Health and Health Care Experiences of Immigrants: The KFF/LA Times Survey of Immigrants

A KFF-Los Angeles Times partnership survey of immigrant adults, released in September 2023, shows most feel they found a better life for their families in this country, but many also face economic hardships and discrimination.

This report, drawing upon the main survey findings, shows how these challenges extend to health care. Many immigrants have difficulty accessing and using health care in the U.S. due to higher uninsured rates, affordability challenges, linguistic and cultural barriers, and immigration-related fears. The survey also shows the difficulties immigrants face in obtaining health coverage and underscores the role of coverage in access to care.

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  • Family Consequences of Detention/Deportation: Effects on Finances, Health, and Well-Being

    Issue Brief

    This report examines the direct consequences to family finances, health, and well-being when a member of the household is detained or deported. It is based on 20 in-person interviews with families who recently had a family member detained or deported and 12 telephone interviews with health centers, legal services providers, educators, and community organizations serving immigrant families in California, Texas, and the Washington, DC area.

  • One Year After the Storm: Texas Gulf Coast Residents’ Views and Experiences with Hurricane Harvey Recovery

    Report

    The Kaiser Family Foundation/Episcopal Health Foundation Harvey Anniversary Survey examines the views, experiences, and long-term recovery needs of vulnerable Gulf Coast Texans who were affected by Hurricane Harvey. This survey – a follow-up to a survey conducted by the partners 3 months after the storm – measures residents’ challenges with housing, financial assistance, health care, and mental health, as well as views on priorities and preparedness moving forward. It finds many challenges are especially salient for affected residents who are Black, Hispanic, or have lower incomes, as well as those who experienced major home damage or remain displaced from their homes.

  • Key Health Implications of Separation of Families at the Border (as of June 27, 2018)

    Fact Sheet

    This fact sheet examines key health implications of separating immigrant children from their parents at the border, as of June 27, 2018. The practice came to light after implementation of the Trump Administration's zero tolerance policy for individuals entering into the U.S. without authorization. Research shows that separating children from their parents exposes them to trauma and toxic stress that can have lifelong impacts on their health.

  • Potential Effects of Public Charge Changes on Health Coverage for Citizen Children

    Issue Brief

    The Trump Administration is pursuing changes that, for the first time, would allow the federal government to take into account use of Medicaid, CHIP, subsidies for Marketplace coverage and other health, nutrition, and non-cash programs when making public charge determinations. These changes would likely lead to decreased participation in Medicaid, CHIP, Marketplace coverage, and other programs among legal immigrants and their citizen children, even though they would remain eligible.

  • Nearly 20 Million Children Live in Immigrant Families that Could Be Affected by Evolving Immigration Policies

    Issue Brief

    President Trump has intensified national debate about immigration by implementing policies to enhance immigration enforcement and restrict legal immigration. Recent findings show that the climate surrounding these policies has significantly increased fear and uncertainty among immigrant families, broadly affecting families across different immigration statuses and locations. The effects extend to lawfully present immigrants, including lawful permanent residents or “green card” holders, and children in immigrant families, who are predominantly U.S.-born citizens. In particular, findings point to both short- and long-term negative consequences on the health and well-being of children in immigrant families.
    Potential changes to public charge policies intended to reduce use of public programs by immigrant families, including their citizen children, could further increase strains on immigrant families and lead to losses in health coverage. To provide insight into the scope of potential impacts of continually evolving immigration policy on children, this data note provides nationwide and state-level estimates (Table 1) of citizen children living in immigrant families and the number currently covered by Medicaid/CHIP coverage.

  • Hurricane Harvey: The Experiences of Immigrants Living in the Texas Gulf Coast

    Report

    In order to better understand the particular needs of immigrants both in recovering from and preparing for future storms, this analysis from the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Episcopal Health Foundation highlights the views and experiences of foreign-born residents who were living in 24 coastal Texas counties hard-hit by Hurricane Harvey. Specifically, the brief explores the financial circumstances of immigrants following the storm, as well as their health care access, social support, and top priorities for rebuilding and recovery efforts in their area.