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Spending on Medicaid State Directed Payments Before New Limits Take Effect

Forty states and DC currently receive $93 billion in annual federal Medicaid spending through state directed payments (SDPs) and may be at risk due to forthcoming limits on these payments, according to new KFF estimates. Annual federal spending on SDPs is highest in California (an estimated $10.6 billion)—followed by Texas ($6.3 billion), North Carolina ($5.2 billion), and Illinois ($5.1 billion).

Forthcoming Policy Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

The 2025 reconciliation law cut federal Medicaid spending by an estimated $911 billion from 2025 through 2034, some of which stems from new restrictions on Medicaid state directed payments (SDPs) for hospital and other health care services. This issue brief describes SDPs and forthcoming policy changes stemming from the 2025 law and the proposed regulation to implement those requirements and make other changes.

Medicaid Work RequiremEnts

Tracking the 2025 Reconciliation Law’s Medicaid Work Requirements: Data and Policies

To implement Medicaid work requirements, states will need to make important policy and operational decisions, implement needed system upgrades or changes, develop new outreach and education strategies, and hire and train staff, all within a relatively short timeframe. The information tracked here can serve as a resource to understand Medicaid work requirements and state options, gauge readiness, and track implementation of the requirements.

understanding medicaid

Medicaid Financing

Medicaid represents $1 out of every $5 spent on health care in the U.S. and is the major source of financing for states to provide health coverage and long-term care. This brief examines key questions about Medicaid financing and how it works.

Medicaid Program Integrity

This brief explains what is known about improper payments and fraud and abuse in Medicaid and describes ongoing state and federal actions to address program integrity.

Medicaid and Provider Taxes

All states except Alaska cover some state Medicaid costs with taxes on health care providers. This brief uses data from KFF’s 2024-2025 survey of Medicaid directors to describe current practices and the federal rules governing them.

Medicaid and Hospitals

Absorbing reductions in Medicaid spending could be challenging for hospitals, particularly for those that are financially vulnerable. This brief provides data on the reach of Medicaid across hospitals, patients, and charity care.

Medicaid Home Care

This issue brief provides an overview of what Medicaid home care (also known as “home- and community-based services”) is, who is covered, and what services were available in 2025.

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  • Long-Term Care:  Understanding Medicaid’s Role for the Elderly and Disabled

    Issue Brief

    Long-Term Care: Understanding Medicaid’s Role for the Elderly and Disabled This updated report provides a review of how Medicaid works for people with long-term care needs and describes the fiscal challenges that states currently face and that Medicaid may face in the future as the population ages. Report (.pdf) Executive Summary (.pdf)

  • Hispanics and the New Medicare Drug Benefit

    Poll Finding

    In a few short weeks, Medicare will undergo big changes that will have a major impact on more than 3 million Hispanic seniors and younger people with permanent disabilities who rely on Medicare for their health coverage. More than one in three Hispanics with Medicare lack coverage for their prescription drugs for at least part of the year. Many others will need to make decisions about their existing coverage and the new Medicare benefit. Starting…

  • Financing Health Coverage:  The Fiscal Relief Experience

    Issue Brief

    Financing Health Coverage: The Fiscal Relief Experience This paper provides an overview of the context which prompted federal fiscal relief to the states in 2003 and discusses the implications of this experiment in federal intervention for financing the Medicaid program. Policy Brief (.pdf)

  • Medicare Part D: Issues for Dual Eligibles on the Eve of Implementation

    Issue Brief

    Medicare Part D: Issues for Dual Eligibles on the Eve of Implementation This issue brief describes how dual eligibles are treated under the Medicare drug benefit and the issues raised by their transition from Medicaid to Medicare drug coverage. The brief also explores key differences in the Medicare drug benefit compared to Medicaid drug coverage (formularies, copayments, and appeals policies) which could make the shift especially challenging for dual eligibles. Issue Brief (.pdf)

  • Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage for Residents of Nursing Homes and Assisted Living Facilities: Special Problems and Concerns

    Issue Brief

    This issue brief describes Medicare drug benefit policy issues for residents of nursing homes and other long-term care settings, such as assisted living facilities and board and care facilities. The brief addresses differing rules for nursing home and non-nursing home settings, as well as for dual eligibles residing in long-term care facilities. Issue Brief (.pdf)

  • Dual Eligible Home and Community-Based Waiver Program Participants and the New Medicare Drug Benefit

    Issue Brief

    Dual eligible beneficiaries who participate in Medicaid home and community-based waiver programs usually do not have a centralized care provider to manage their health care benefits and services. For the new Medicare prescription drug benefit, no individual is designated to assist participants with their prescription drug plan selection, comparison of formularies, and if necessary, management of their exceptions and appeals should a medication be denied by their plan. This paper offers state and federal policymakers…

  • Health Care Coverage and Financing Issues in California:  An October 2005 Update

    Issue Brief

    Health Care Coverage and Financing Issues in California: An October 2005 Update This brief summarizes recent health insurance coverage trends in California and the Medi-Cal program, provides an overview of the state’s newly adopted FY 2005-06 budget agreement, and discusses key issues driving the current health policy agenda. The brief concludes with a discussion on Medicaid reform actions at the federal level and the potential implications for California. Issue Brief (.pdf)

  • New State Surveys Show State Budgetary Pressures on Medicaid Easing, But Long-Term Challenges for Program Remain

    Report

    Three KCMU state surveys indicate improving economy and sustained state cost-containment actions have improved the outlook for Medicaid and SCHIP, but long-term challenges remain due to factors affecting overall health care system. News Release Summary of Findings (.pdf) Medicaid Budgets, Spending and Policy Initiatives in State Fiscal Years 2005 and 2006 State Medicaid Outpatient Prescription Drug Policies: Findings from a National Survey, 2005 Update In a Time of Growing Need: State Choices Influence Health Coverage…