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Spending on Medicaid State Directed Payments Before New Limits Take Effect

Forty states and DC currently receive $93 billion in annual federal Medicaid spending through state directed payments (SDPs) and may be at risk due to forthcoming limits on these payments, according to new KFF estimates. Annual federal spending on SDPs is highest in California (an estimated $10.6 billion)—followed by Texas ($6.3 billion), North Carolina ($5.2 billion), and Illinois ($5.1 billion).

Forthcoming Policy Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

The 2025 reconciliation law cut federal Medicaid spending by an estimated $911 billion from 2025 through 2034, some of which stems from new restrictions on Medicaid state directed payments (SDPs) for hospital and other health care services. This issue brief describes SDPs and forthcoming policy changes stemming from the 2025 law and the proposed regulation to implement those requirements and make other changes.

Medicaid Work RequiremEnts

Tracking the 2025 Reconciliation Law’s Medicaid Work Requirements: Data and Policies

To implement Medicaid work requirements, states will need to make important policy and operational decisions, implement needed system upgrades or changes, develop new outreach and education strategies, and hire and train staff, all within a relatively short timeframe. The information tracked here can serve as a resource to understand Medicaid work requirements and state options, gauge readiness, and track implementation of the requirements.

understanding medicaid

Medicaid Financing

Medicaid represents $1 out of every $5 spent on health care in the U.S. and is the major source of financing for states to provide health coverage and long-term care. This brief examines key questions about Medicaid financing and how it works.

Medicaid Program Integrity

This brief explains what is known about improper payments and fraud and abuse in Medicaid and describes ongoing state and federal actions to address program integrity.

Medicaid and Provider Taxes

All states except Alaska cover some state Medicaid costs with taxes on health care providers. This brief uses data from KFF’s 2024-2025 survey of Medicaid directors to describe current practices and the federal rules governing them.

Medicaid and Hospitals

Absorbing reductions in Medicaid spending could be challenging for hospitals, particularly for those that are financially vulnerable. This brief provides data on the reach of Medicaid across hospitals, patients, and charity care.

Medicaid Home Care

This issue brief provides an overview of what Medicaid home care (also known as “home- and community-based services”) is, who is covered, and what services were available in 2025.

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  • Cost Containment Strategies For Prescription Drugs: Assessing The Evidence In The Literature

    Report

    This report describes and reviews various options to address prescription drug spending growth, including a description of each cost-containment strategy, its use by private or public payers, and a discussion of known evidence about its effectiveness or cost-saving potential. It was prepared for the Kaiser Family Foundation by Jack Hoadley, Ph.D., of the Health Policy Institute at Georgetown University. Report (.pdf)

  • Medicaid’s Rehabilitation Services Option:  Overview and Current Policy Issues

    Issue Brief

    Medicaid’s Rehabilitation Services Option: Overview and Current Policy Issues In 2007, the President reintroduced a plan to place new restrictions on the types of services allowable under the Medicaid rehabilitation services option (called the rehab option) to yield federal budget savings of $2.29 billion over the next five years. Currently, 47 states plus the District of Columbia provide at least some type of mental health, substance abuse, and physical health services under the rehab option.…

  • Medicaid: A Primer – Key Information on the Nation’s Health Coverage Program for Low-Income People

    Issue Brief

    This Medicaid primer provides an overview of the nation's largest health coverage program, which covers more than 62 million low-income individuals, including children and families, people with disabilities and seniors who are also covered by Medicare. Medicaid also is the dominant source of the country’s long-term care financing. The program will expand significantly under the Affordable Care Act in 2014.

  • New Reports Explore State Implementation of Prescription Drug Prior Authorization

    Other Post

    States are grappling with a fiscal crisis that threatens funding for Medicaid, the federal-state partnership that provides health coverage for low-income populations. Two new studies shed light on the impact of an increasingly popular strategy - prior authorization - being used to control prescription drug spending. In fiscal year 2003, some 21 states are planning to expand or create prior authorization systems where the state must provide pre-approval before selected drugs can be dispensed to…

  • State Responses to Budget Crisis in 2004: An Overview of Ten States – Overview and Case Studies

    Report

    In this report we examine how ten states from around the nation have responded to their budget crises in fiscal year 2004. While states vary in the depth of the budget pressures they faced, as state revenues remained depressed, all were required to make difficult choices among spending reductions, tax increases, or other revenue measures. In general, we found states with few exceptions relied on targeted revenue measures, such as cigarette and alcohol taxes, but…

  • Medicare-Medicaid Policy Interactions

    Issue Brief

    Because over seven million elderly and disabled individuals are entitled to benefits under both Medicare and Medicaid, policy changes in one program not only affect both coverage and spending in the other but also impact access to services by individuals eligible for both programs. This primer summarizes two key policy interactions and includes a quick reference table of the most significant linkages between the two programs. Issue Brief (.pdf)

  • Medicaid’s Federal-State Partnership: Alternatives for Improving Financial Integrity – Summary of Issues, Approaches, and Alternatives for Reform

    Report

    In this report from the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, Penny Thompson, former deputy director for the Center for Medicaid and State Operations, used existing models from the private sector and other government programs to assess Medicaid’s financial management and to develop options for improvement. This table summarizes the report’s findings. Chart (.pdf) Report

  • Managed Care For Low-Income Populations with Special Needs: The Tennessee Experience

    Report

    This paper provides a targeted review of Tennessee's experience providing health care to individuals with special needs under TennCare, its Medicaid managed care initiative. The first part reviews the experience of TennCare Partners, the behavioral health carve-out program created in 1996. The second part reviews how TennCare's structure affects the disabled and chronically ill.

  • NPR/Kaiser/Harvard Survey: Public Views on SCHIP Reauthorization

    Poll Finding

        This October 2007 survey conducted jointly by NPR, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and the Harvard School of Public Health examines the public’s views and opinions of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and the pending legislation surrounding its reauthorization. The survey assesses the public’s familiarity with the SCHIP debate, whether or not they support the renewal and expansion of the program, and who they believe should be eligible for health coverage through…