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Immigration Enforcement and Health

Recent State Actions Related to Immigrants’ Access to Services and Immigration Enforcement

During the 2025 and 2026 legislative sessions, states enacted or proposed a range of legislation that will impact immigrants’ access to state-funded health coverage and other services as well as actions related to how states may enhance or limit federal enforcement activities. This brief summarizes recent and proposed actions by states. It reflects activity as of June 2026 based on KFF analysis of publicly available materials and the National Conference of State Legislatures’ Immigration Legislation Database.

See Also: Tennessee Plans to Share Data on Children with Disabilities with Immigration Authorities

Deaths and Health Care Issues in ICE Detention Centers Under the Second Trump Administration

Health Care Experiences of Immigrant Parents and Their Children in the Second Trump Term

New Ebola Quarantine Rule Bars Entry of Noncitizens, Including Green Card Holders, from Affected Countries

How States Verify Citizenship and Immigration Status in Medicaid

KEY FACTS AND ANALYSIS

Key Facts on Health Coverage of Immigrants

Immigrants generally use less health care and have lower health spending than U.S.-born citizens, and noncitizen immigrants remain far more likely to be uninsured than citizens.

This fact sheet provides an overview of health coverage for immigrants based on data from the KFF/New York Times 2025 Survey of Immigrants and discusses implications of the current policy and immigration enforcement environment for their health and health care.

State Health Coverage for Immigrants and Implications for Health Coverage and Care

Children in Immigrant Families: Key Facts on Health Coverage and Care

Recent Trump Administration Policies that Impact Health Coverage and Care for Immigrant Families

1.4 Million Lawfully Present Immigrants are Expected to Lose Health Coverage due to the 2025 Tax and Budget Law

survey of immigrants

KFF-New York Times Survey: Immigrants Report Rising Fear, Negative Economic and Health Impacts, and Changing Political Views During the First Year of President Trump’s Second Term

The 2025 Survey of Immigrants, a partnership between KFF and The New York Times, takes an in-depth look at the experiences of immigrants during the first year of President Trump’s second term, including their worries related to increased immigration enforcement, their health and economic wellbeing, and the political views and preferences of immigrant voters. The survey paints a portrait of families under strain — where fear of detention and economic instability are negatively impacting immigrants’ health and reshaping immigrant families’ daily lives and views of U.S. political parties.

Read the News Release | Explore The New York Times’ Reporting

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  • Potential Impacts of Increased Immigration Enforcement on School Attendance and Funding

    Issue Brief

    This brief presents research on the impacts of immigration enforcement on children, including school attendance and performance; provides data on the share and number of school-aged children by state who live in immigrant families based on KFF analysis of the 2023 American Community Survey (ACS); and discusses potential implications of declines in school enrollment and/or attendance among these children on school funding.

  • What Role Do Immigrants Play in The Direct Long-Term Care Workforce?

    Issue Brief

    To increase understanding of how shifting immigration policies may affect the direct care workforce providing long-term care services, this data note uses the 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) to provide an overview of the role that immigrants play in the direct care workforce for long-term care (LTC) services

  • 5 Key Facts About Immigrants and Medicaid

    Issue Brief

    This brief provides five key facts on Medicaid and immigrants as context for understanding the potential impacts of policy changes under the Trump administration.

  • President Trump’s Recent Immigration Actions Could Affect Immigrant Families’ Health

    Quick Insights

    President Trump has made a slew of immigration policy changes focused on restricting entry at the border and increasing interior enforcement efforts to support mass deportation…Previous KFF research provides a window into the likely health-related impacts of these actions. During the first Trump administration, restrictive immigration policies and increased enforcement activity led to increased fears among immigrant families across immigration statuses that had negative effects on health .

  • Title 42 and its Impact on Immigration and Migrant Families

    Issue Brief

    This brief provides an explanation of Title 42 and its application in border regions, the impact of Title 42 on border expulsions and the health and well-being of migrants during COVID-19, and a discussion of the potential implications of reinvoking Title 42 restrictions for immigration and the health of migrants.

  • President-Elect Trump May Again Invoke Title 42 to Restrict Immigration

    Quick Insights

    Recent reports suggest President-elect Trump plans to reinvoke Title 42 public health restrictions to close the border between Mexico and the U.S upon taking office. Such action would restrict immigration to the U.S. under the rubric of public health protection.

  • How Pending Health-Related Lawsuits Could be Impacted by the Incoming Trump Administration

    Issue Brief

    This brief provides an overview of current lawsuits in health policy including preventive services, abortion care, gender affirming care, Medicare drug price negotiations, nursing home staffing rules, private coverage consumer protections, and protections and health coverage for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients; how they may be affected by the incoming Trump administration; and the implications of their potential outcomes.