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Spending on Medicaid State Directed Payments Before New Limits Take Effect

Forty states and DC currently receive $93 billion in annual federal Medicaid spending through state directed payments (SDPs) and may be at risk due to forthcoming limits on these payments, according to new KFF estimates. Annual federal spending on SDPs is highest in California (an estimated $10.6 billion)—followed by Texas ($6.3 billion), North Carolina ($5.2 billion), and Illinois ($5.1 billion).

Forthcoming Policy Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

The 2025 reconciliation law cut federal Medicaid spending by an estimated $911 billion from 2025 through 2034, some of which stems from new restrictions on Medicaid state directed payments (SDPs) for hospital and other health care services. This issue brief describes SDPs and forthcoming policy changes stemming from the 2025 law and the proposed regulation to implement those requirements and make other changes.

Medicaid Work RequiremEnts

Tracking the 2025 Reconciliation Law’s Medicaid Work Requirements: Data and Policies

To implement Medicaid work requirements, states will need to make important policy and operational decisions, implement needed system upgrades or changes, develop new outreach and education strategies, and hire and train staff, all within a relatively short timeframe. The information tracked here can serve as a resource to understand Medicaid work requirements and state options, gauge readiness, and track implementation of the requirements.

understanding medicaid

Medicaid Financing

Medicaid represents $1 out of every $5 spent on health care in the U.S. and is the major source of financing for states to provide health coverage and long-term care. This brief examines key questions about Medicaid financing and how it works.

Medicaid Program Integrity

This brief explains what is known about improper payments and fraud and abuse in Medicaid and describes ongoing state and federal actions to address program integrity.

Medicaid and Provider Taxes

All states except Alaska cover some state Medicaid costs with taxes on health care providers. This brief uses data from KFF’s 2024-2025 survey of Medicaid directors to describe current practices and the federal rules governing them.

Medicaid and Hospitals

Absorbing reductions in Medicaid spending could be challenging for hospitals, particularly for those that are financially vulnerable. This brief provides data on the reach of Medicaid across hospitals, patients, and charity care.

Medicaid Home Care

This issue brief provides an overview of what Medicaid home care (also known as “home- and community-based services”) is, who is covered, and what services were available in 2025.

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  • State Medicaid Actions Related to the Passage of the Deficit Reduction Act: A Background Briefing for Reporters on the Latest Developments

    Fact Sheet

    The Deficit Reduction Act (DRA) of 2005 was signed into law in February 2006 with several significant changes to the Medicaid program affecting both health and long-term care coverage as well as new citizenship requirements. States were granted greater flexibility in charging copayments and premiums and modifying the benefit package for certain Medicaid beneficiaries. Changes of this type previously required a waiver and now can be done by amending the state plan. The first two…

  • Observations on the Initial Implementation of the Medicare Prescription Drug Program:  Perspectives of State Medicaid Directors Through a Focus Group Discussion

    Report

    Observations on the Initial Implementation of the Medicare Prescription Drug Program: Perspectives of State Medicaid Directors Through a Focus Group Discussion Medicaid directors express the need to continue to focus on the interaction between Medicaid and the Medicare prescription drug benefit and to address the key system and coordination issues that remain, particularly with the potential disruptions that could occur in January 2007 when new Medicare drug plan contracts and recalculated benchmarks for the low-income…

  • Dual Enrollees: Medicaid’s Role for Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries

    Fact Sheet

    Dual Enrollees: Medicaid's Role for Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries This fact sheet describes the low-income elderly population that is eligible for both Medicaid and Medicare, why they need Medicaid, what services they receive from Medicaid, and the current policy challenges related to this population. Fact Sheet (.pdf)

  • Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries: How the House and Senate Prescription Drug Bills Address Their Drug Needs

    Report

    The House and Senate versions of a Medicare prescription drug bill treat the drug costs of those dually-eligible for Medicare and Medicaid and other low-income Medicare beneficiaries quite differently. The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured cosponsored a policy briefing on the key issues in the two bills that would impact low-income beneficiaries and released a brief and background report on the topic. A Prescription Drug Benefit in Medicare: Implications for Medicaid and Low-Income…

  • Profiles of Medicaid’s High Cost Populations

    Issue Brief

    This paper examines the role that Medicaid plays in addressing six populations (preterm birth babies, foster care children, individuals with spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries, individuals with mental illness, individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and people with Alzheimer's disease) with serious health needs resulting in high costs. For each population profiled, the report describes the condition and the need for services and supports, as well as the role of Medicaid in meeting those…

  • Aging Out of Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT): Issues for Young Adults with Disabilities

    Issue Brief

    Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) coverage offered through the Medicaid program has played an important and unique role for low-income children with disabilities, and maintaining this support is a key concern. This issue brief discusses the challenges and implications for young people with disabilities when they become adults and lose their EPSDT benefits and how recent changes to the Deficit Reduction Act give states an opportunity to increase the availability of services…

  • The Future of New Orleans: Young Adults in the Greater New Orleans Area

    Poll Finding

    Using data from the Kaiser Post-Katrina Baseline Survey of the New Orleans Area, this Survey Brief profiles young adults (those ages 18-34) living in the Greater New Orleans area, a group that will play a key role in the success and rebuilding of New Orleans. The brief looks at whether they plan to stay in the New Orleans area, their outlook for the future, their demographic profile, and some of the challenges they face. The…

  • Closing the Long-Term Care Funding Gap: The Challenge of Private Long-Term Care Insurance

    Issue Brief

    This policy brief from the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured examines the fundamentals of private long-term care insurance. It describes the results of a study exploring how consumers buy policies, how much policies cost and how they work, and what regulations exist to protect consumers. It also discusses some key challenges that policymakers face when considering whether to enlarge the role of private long-term care insurance in financing long-term care. Policy Brief (.pdf)

  • A Guide to the Medicaid Appeals Process

    Issue Brief

    This background brief provides a comprehensive look at the appeals process for the Medicaid program, which differs significantly from those available through the Medicare program and private health insurance. The Medicaid appeals process provides redress for individual applicants and beneficiaries seeking eligibility for the program or coverage of prescribed services, but the process is multi-layered and can be complex to navigate. The guide describes Medicaid's appeals system, including the fair hearing process and the appeals…