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Spending on Medicaid State Directed Payments Before New Limits Take Effect

Forty states and DC currently receive $93 billion in annual federal Medicaid spending through state directed payments (SDPs) and may be at risk due to forthcoming limits on these payments, according to new KFF estimates. Annual federal spending on SDPs is highest in California (an estimated $10.6 billion)—followed by Texas ($6.3 billion), North Carolina ($5.2 billion), and Illinois ($5.1 billion).

Forthcoming Policy Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

The 2025 reconciliation law cut federal Medicaid spending by an estimated $911 billion from 2025 through 2034, some of which stems from new restrictions on Medicaid state directed payments (SDPs) for hospital and other health care services. This issue brief describes SDPs and forthcoming policy changes stemming from the 2025 law and the proposed regulation to implement those requirements and make other changes.

Medicaid Work RequiremEnts

Tracking the 2025 Reconciliation Law’s Medicaid Work Requirements: Data and Policies

To implement Medicaid work requirements, states will need to make important policy and operational decisions, implement needed system upgrades or changes, develop new outreach and education strategies, and hire and train staff, all within a relatively short timeframe. The information tracked here can serve as a resource to understand Medicaid work requirements and state options, gauge readiness, and track implementation of the requirements.

understanding medicaid

Medicaid Financing

Medicaid represents $1 out of every $5 spent on health care in the U.S. and is the major source of financing for states to provide health coverage and long-term care. This brief examines key questions about Medicaid financing and how it works.

Medicaid Program Integrity

This brief explains what is known about improper payments and fraud and abuse in Medicaid and describes ongoing state and federal actions to address program integrity.

Medicaid and Provider Taxes

All states except Alaska cover some state Medicaid costs with taxes on health care providers. This brief uses data from KFF’s 2024-2025 survey of Medicaid directors to describe current practices and the federal rules governing them.

Medicaid and Hospitals

Absorbing reductions in Medicaid spending could be challenging for hospitals, particularly for those that are financially vulnerable. This brief provides data on the reach of Medicaid across hospitals, patients, and charity care.

Medicaid Home Care

This issue brief provides an overview of what Medicaid home care (also known as “home- and community-based services”) is, who is covered, and what services were available in 2025.

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  • Medicaid Eligibility for Families and Children – Issue Paper

    Report

    Medicaid Eligibility for Families and Children September 1998 Measured by enrollment, Medicaid is the largest health insurer in the country. According to the Urban Institute's estimates, Medicaid covered 41.3 million Americans in 1996; Medicare, in comparison, covered 38 million. Moreover, millions of low-income Americans without private health insurance coverage are eligible for Medicaid but are not enrolled in the program. For example, researchers at the Agency for Health Care Policy Research recently estimated that in…

  • Economic Stress and the Safety Net: A Health Center Update

    Issue Brief

    The issue paper provides data on the demographic profile of health center patients and the revenue sources available for financing their care, including recent increases in federal discretionary funding. It examines the impact of the recent economic downturn on health centers in selected communities, exploring the effect of elevated unemployment levels among lower wage workers, declining private health insurance coverage, and widespread cutbacks in Medicaid--the single most important source of health center financing. Issue Paper…

  • Issues for Medicare Beneficiaries in Long-Term Care Facilities: An Analysis of the MMA and Proposed Regulations

    Issue Brief

    This paper, by Vicki Gottlich, J.D., of the Center for Medicare Advocacy, looks at issues related to the new Medicare prescription drug benefit for people with Medicare who live in nursing homes or other long-term-care settings. It is one in a series commissioned by the Kaiser Family Foundation that analyzes issues surrounding the implementation of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) and the proposed regulations. Issue Brief (.pdf)

  • Hearing Their Voices: Lessons from the Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act (BCCPTA)

    Report

        In 2000, Congress passed a landmark law that gave states the option of extending Medicaid coverage to certain low-income women with breast or cervical cancer. In California, approximately 10,000 women have been assisted by this program. This policy brief, "Hearing Their Voices: Lessons from the Breast and Cervical Caner Prevention and Treatment Act (BCCPTA)," reports on the impact of this program on low-income women in California, using focus group analysis. The report was…

  • Medicaid:  Issues In Restructuring Federal Financing

    Issue Brief

    Medicaid: Issues In Restructuring Federal Financing This brief analysis summarizes how the possible restructuring of Medicaid financing could impact states, providers, and beneficiaries. Issue Brief (.pdf)

  • A Look At CBO Projections For Medicaid and CHIP

    Issue Brief

    This brief examines the latest Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projections for federal Medicaid and CHIP spending over the 2014-2024 period. CBO’s budget projections, also known as “baseline” projections, reflect CBO’s best judgment about how the economy and other factors will affect federal revenues and spending under existing laws. The brief also examines CBO estimates of the coverage effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on Medicaid and CHIP enrollment and spending. Understanding the CBO baseline…

  • Visualizing Health Policy: Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act

    Other Post

    The March 2013 Visualizing Health Policy infographic looks at how expanding Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act will impact low-income and uninsured people, and how these groups will be affected in states that do not expand the program. See the full-size infographic at The Journal of the American Medical Association View the related Slideshow Visualizing Health Policy is a monthly infographic series produced in partnership with the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). Each month’s infographic…

  • Quick Take: Key Considerations in Evaluating the ACA Medicaid Expansion for States

    Fact Sheet

    A central goal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is to significantly reduce the number of uninsured by providing a continuum of affordable coverage options through Medicaid and new Health Insurance Exchanges.  Following the June 2012 Supreme Court decision, states face a decision about whether to adopt the Medicaid expansion. These decisions will have substantial consequences for health coverage for the low-income population. The 3 key questions that states should consider in…

  • Medicaid Matters: Hearing from Families

    Video

    The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured's video Medicaid Matters: Hearing from Families profiles five families who have children covered by Medicaid. These five families reflect the diversity of those helped by Medicaid -- families from all over the country of varying races/ethnicities, ages and sizes. Each family also illustrates a particular health care need and shows how Medicaid assists in obtaining needed health care services.  Medicaid Matters: Hearing from FamiliesAlso available in Low Speed. (8 min.)…