Health Costs

COSTS and Affordability

A Preview of the Role Health Care May Play in the 2026 Election

Ahead of the 2026 midterm elections, this KFF issue brief examines the role health care has played in previous elections and what that may suggest about its potential role in 2026. KFF polls have consistently found that the cost of health care is an important part of voters’ economic concerns.

Affordable care act

ACA Marketplace Survey Feature Image - Website

Cost Concerns and Coverage Changes: A Follow-Up Survey of ACA Marketplace Enrollees

This KFF survey is a follow-up survey of adults who had ACA Marketplace insurance in 2025. The survey examines the cost concerns and coverage changes of Marketplace enrollees following the end of the enhanced premium tax credits and finds that half of returning enrollees say their health care costs are “a lot higher” and most expect to cut back on basic household expenses to afford coverage.

Health System Tracker

What Are the Recent Trends in Employer-Based Health Coverage? Employer-sponsored health insurance is the largest source of health coverage for people under 65, but its reach is uneven.

How Does U.S. Life Expectancy Compare to Other Countries? The life expectancy gap between the U.S. and peer countries decreased from 4.1 years in 2023 to 3.7 years in 2024 as U.S. mortality dropped.

How Does Cost Affect Access to Health Care? In 2024, about 1 in 6 adults reported delaying or not getting healthcare due to cost, including medical or mental health care.

How Does Health Spending in the U.S. Compare to Other Countries? While the U.S. still spends the most in total dollars, eight OECD nations had a higher percentage increase in per-person health spending in 2024.

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  • How Well Does the Employment-Based Health Insurance System Work for Low-Income Families? – Issue Paper

    Report

    How Well Does the Employment-Based Health Insurance System Work for Low-Income Families? September 1998 Most Americans receive health insurance coverage through the workplace. Unfortunately, however, many workers are left out, especially low-wage workers and their families. Being a low paid worker does not mean just that wages are low. It also means a lower likelihood of receiving health insurance protection on the job. Low-wage workers have never been as likely as the better paid to…

  • HIPAA Compliance Strategies In California:  Reforming the State’s Individual Health Insurance Market — Policy Brief

    Other Post

    HIPAA Compliance Strategies In California: Reforming the State's Individual Health Insurance Market -- Policy Brief A policy brief on reform of the individual insurance market and implementation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in California. The brief is based, in part, on discussion at a California Health Policy Roundtable held in Sacramento, California on March 12, 1998. Note: This publication is no longer in circulation. However, a copy may still exist in…

  • Protection For Consumers In Managed Care Plans: A Comparison Of Medicare, Medicaid and the Private Insurance Market

    Report

    This policy paper describes key requirements of consumer protection regulation under Medicare, Medicaid and federal and state laws as they apply to private health insurance. These include choice and availability of plans, disclosure of information, marketing, access, quality, and the grievance and appeals process. The discussion highlights differences and similarities across public programs and private insurance and compares public and private insurance protection with provisions of the Consumer Bill of Rights (CBRR) developed by the…

  • Trends and Indicators in the Changing Health Care Marketplace: Chartbook

    Report

    This chartbook provides an overview of health care spending and trends in health plan enrollment. It highlights health insurance premiums and costs, health insurance benefits, the structure of the health care market. Data on the stock markets role within the health care industry and implications of health insurance trends for consumers and the safety net is also included. Chartbook

  • Analysis of the Number of Workers Covered by Self-Insured Health Plans Under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and 1995.

    Report

    This report presents findings based upon the KPMG health benefits survey of private and public employers and explores the extent of ERISA preemption on health plans covering U.S. workers. Included is estimated data on the total number of workers covered by fully and partly self-insured health plans in 1993 and 1995, a summary of the ERISA provisions and case law dealing with health plans and an analysis of potential changes to ERISA. Note: This publication…

  • Medicare Beneficiaries and HMOs: A Case Study of the Tampa-St. Petersburg Market

    Report

    This case study of the evolution of Medicare managed care in Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida, is one of four in a series being prepared by Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., for the Kaiser Family Foundation to examine the growth and impact of Medicare managed care. The Medicare risk (HMO) program has developed at different rates and with different degrees of success across the country. The four unique market areas selected for the project include two with high…

  • Medicare Beneficiaries and HMOs: A Case Study of the Portland Market

    Report

    This case study of the evolution of Medicare managed care in Portland, Oregon, is part of a series of four case studies being prepared for the Kaiser Family Foundation to learn more about the factors influencing, and consequences of, the growth of Medicare managed care. Portland was one of the first markets to implement a Medicare managed care program, with the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan beginning its Medicare HMO in 1978 and all four of…

  • Kaiser Family Foundation 1998 National Survey on Insurance Coverage of Contraceptives – News Release

    Other Post

    Americans Support Requiring Insurers To Cover Contraceptives, Even If Premiums Rise. More Women and Men Say Contraceptives Should Be Covered Than Say Viagra Embargoed for release until: 9:30 AM, ET, Friday, June 19, 1998 For further information contact: Tina Hoff or Matt James Menlo Park, CA - Most Americans support requiring insurers to provide contraceptives as part of prescription coverage, even if premiums rise, according to a new national survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation.…

  • Impact of Potential Changes to ERISA: Litigation and Appeals Experience of CalPERS, Other Large Public Employers and a Large California Health Plan – Report

    Report

    Impact of Potential Changes to ERISA: Litigation and Appeal Experience of CalPERS, Other Large Public Employers and a Large California Health Plan June 1998 By Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P.Sandra Hunt, M.P.A.John Saari, M.A.A.A.Kelly Traw, J.D. Background The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) currently preempts state law related to the wrongful denial or delay of health benefits to the extent that such laws relate to a health benefit plan sponsored by a private employer. This…

  • Benefits and Costs of Consumer Protection Proposals in California: An Analysis of Selected Recommendations of the California Managed Care Task Force

    Report

    This report assesses the potential impact of selected recommendations of the Managed Health Care Improvement Task Force in the areas of access to care and specialists, information disclosure, and dispute resolution. The Managed Health Care Improvement Task Force was established in 1998 to inform state leaders about the health industry in California; the impact of managed care on quality, access, and cost of care; issues of special concern to consumers; and the appropriate role of…