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Work Requirements

Challenges with Implementing Work Requirements

Many states are anticipating a variety of implementation challenges, including the need for complex system changes, a compressed implementation timeline, and limited staff capacity.

What is the Medicaid Hardship Exception?

The number of Medicaid expansion enrollees who ultimately qualify for the high unemployment hardship exception will depend on how the exception is implemented and how unemployment rates changes.

Tracking Implementation of the 2025 Reconciliation Law: Medicaid Work Requirements

KFF’s interactive tracks key data and policies that will affect how states implement Medicaid work requirements, which are required under the 2025 budget reconciliation law starting in January 2027. The tracker includes state-level data on Medicaid enrollment and renewal outcomes as well as current state enrollment and renewal policies.

Medicaid Budget Survey

Medicaid Home Care

Using data from the 23rd KFF survey of officials administering Medicaid home care programs, this issue brief describes the mechanisms states are currently using to limit Medicaid spending on home care and their plans for adopting new mechanisms in state fiscal year (FY) 2026.

A Look at Waiting Lists for Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Services from 2016 to 2025

This data note provides new information about waiting lists in Medicaid home care before many of the provisions in the 2025 reconciliation law go into effect. The data come from KFF’s 23rd survey on Medicaid home care programs in all 50 states and DC.

KFF regularly surveys states about their Medicaid home- and community-based services (HCBS) programs and their eligibility policies for people who are eligible for Medicaid on the basis of having a disability or being 65 and older.

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This issue brief provides an overview of what Medicaid home care (also known as “home- and community-based services” or HCBS) is, who is covered, and what services were available in 2024.

Eligibility and coverage

  • Eligibility, Enrollment, and Renewal Policies

    KFF's survey findings capture state actions that seek to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Medicaid and CHIP enrollment and renewal processes, as of January 2025.

  • Seniors and People with Disabilities

    More than 1 in 3 people with disabilities (15 million) have Medicaid (35%). In comparison, only 19% of people without disabilities have Medicaid.

  • Children with Special Needs

    Amid debates about proposed cuts to federal Medicaid spending, this brief analyzes key characteristics of children with special health care needs and explores how Medicaid provides them with coverage.

  • People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

    Among the estimated 8 million people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), over three million have Medicaid coverage.

  • Adults with Chronic Conditions

    Among working age adults enrolled in Medicaid, approximately three quarters have one or more chronic conditions, and nearly one-third have three or more.

The Essentials

  • 5 Facts: Immigrants and Medicaid

    This brief provides five key facts on Medicaid and immigrants as context for understanding the potential impacts of policy changes under the Trump administration.

  • 5 Facts: Medicaid and Hospitals

    This brief explains the role of Medicaid for hospitals, including how much spending on hospital care comes from Medicaid, the share of births covered by the program, and how Medicaid expansion has impacted hospital finances.

  • Medicaid Financing: The Basics

    Medicaid is a major source of financing for states to provide health coverage and long-term services and supports for low-income residents. This brief examines key questions about Medicaid financing and how it works.

  • 5 Facts: Medicaid’s Share of National Health Spending

    This brief explores how Medicaid spending contributes to national health spending and how different service areas contribute to Medicaid costs.

  • 5 Facts: Medicaid and Nursing Facilities

    The substantial Medicaid savings in the reconciliation bill could have major implications for nearly 15,000 federally certified nursing facilities and the 1.2 million people living in them.

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  • Making Medicaid Managed Care Work:  An Action Plan for Persons Living with HIV

    Other Post

    Making Medicaid Managed Care Work: An Action Plan for Persons Living with HIV This report, by the National Association of People with AIDS (NAPWA) with support from The Kaiser Family Foundation, describes nine key points for people living with HIV to keep in mind when trying to influence the development of a managed care system…

  • Restructuring Medicaid: Key Elements and Issues in Section 1115 Demonstration Waivers

    Issue Brief

    This policy brief provides background on Section 1115 Medicaid waiver activity, discusses the common provisions of the approved and proposed Section 1115 waivers since 1993, and briefly summarizes the current application of Section 1115 AFDC waivers. It also examines implications of the Section 1115 waivers on the Medicaid program and its beneficiaries.

  • Managed Care and Low-Income Populations: A Case Study Of Managed Care In Florida

    Report

    This study is part of a larger initiative, the Kaiser/Commonwealth Low-Income Coverage and Access project funded by both the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation and The Commonwealth Fund, to gauge the impact of health restructuring on access and health insurance coverage for low-income populations in seven states through surveys, focus groups and case studies.

  • Where is Medicaid Spending Headed?

    Other Post

    Enrollment Another important factor is that Medicaid enrollment increases slowed substantially. After increasing by 7.9 percent annually between 1988 and 1992, enrollment growth slowed to 5.3 percent per year in the following three years (Table 2). Table 3 shows that the rate of growth in enrollment of Medicaid beneficiaries slowed between 1991 and 1995.

  • Where is Medicaid Spending Headed? – Report

    Report

    Where is Medicaid Spending Headed? Prepared for: The Kaiser Commission on the Future of Medicaid Prepared by: John Holahan and David Liska, The Urban Institute December 1996 In 1995, the United States witnessed a major debate over the future course of the Medicaid program.

  • Where is Medicaid Spending Headed? – Fact Sheet

    Fact Sheet

    Medicaid Enrollment and Spending Growth Overview In 1995, Medicaid provided health and long-term care for 34.8 million low-income, elderly, and disabled Americans at a cost of $157.3 billion, $151.8 billion for services and $5.5 billion for administration. After expanding considerably in the early 1990's, Medicaid spending and enrollment growth have slowed markedly.

  • Where is Medicaid Spending Headed?

    Fact Sheet

    This content package page includes a report providing an overview of the changes in Medicaid expenditures since 1988, including an analysis of the slowdown in Medicaid growth since 1992. Also included in the package is a press release, chart pack and fact sheet on Medicaid spending and enrollment trends.