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Spending on Medicaid State Directed Payments Before New Limits Take Effect

Forty states and DC currently receive $93 billion in annual federal Medicaid spending through state directed payments (SDPs) and may be at risk due to forthcoming limits on these payments, according to new KFF estimates. Annual federal spending on SDPs is highest in California (an estimated $10.6 billion)—followed by Texas ($6.3 billion), North Carolina ($5.2 billion), and Illinois ($5.1 billion).

Forthcoming Policy Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

Changes to Medicaid State Directed Payments

The 2025 reconciliation law cut federal Medicaid spending by an estimated $911 billion from 2025 through 2034, some of which stems from new restrictions on Medicaid state directed payments (SDPs) for hospital and other health care services. This issue brief describes SDPs and forthcoming policy changes stemming from the 2025 law and the proposed regulation to implement those requirements and make other changes.

Medicaid Work RequiremEnts

Tracking the 2025 Reconciliation Law’s Medicaid Work Requirements: Data and Policies

To implement Medicaid work requirements, states will need to make important policy and operational decisions, implement needed system upgrades or changes, develop new outreach and education strategies, and hire and train staff, all within a relatively short timeframe. The information tracked here can serve as a resource to understand Medicaid work requirements and state options, gauge readiness, and track implementation of the requirements.

understanding medicaid

Medicaid Financing

Medicaid represents $1 out of every $5 spent on health care in the U.S. and is the major source of financing for states to provide health coverage and long-term care. This brief examines key questions about Medicaid financing and how it works.

Medicaid Program Integrity

This brief explains what is known about improper payments and fraud and abuse in Medicaid and describes ongoing state and federal actions to address program integrity.

Medicaid and Provider Taxes

All states except Alaska cover some state Medicaid costs with taxes on health care providers. This brief uses data from KFF’s 2024-2025 survey of Medicaid directors to describe current practices and the federal rules governing them.

Medicaid and Hospitals

Absorbing reductions in Medicaid spending could be challenging for hospitals, particularly for those that are financially vulnerable. This brief provides data on the reach of Medicaid across hospitals, patients, and charity care.

Medicaid Home Care

This issue brief provides an overview of what Medicaid home care (also known as “home- and community-based services”) is, who is covered, and what services were available in 2025.

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  • Dual Eligibles:  Medicaid’s Role for Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries

    Fact Sheet

    Dual Eligibles: Medicaid's Role for Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries This fact sheet and set of tables describe the over 7 million “dual eligibles,” the low-income elderly and persons with disabilities who are enrolled in both Medicare and Medicaid. The fact sheet describes why this population needs Medicaid, what services they receive from Medicaid, and the current policy challenges related to dual eligibles, including the new Medicare prescription drug benefit. The set of tables, prepared by the…

  • Dual Eligible Home and Community-Based Waiver Program Participants and the New Medicare Drug Benefit

    Issue Brief

    Dual eligible beneficiaries who participate in Medicaid home and community-based waiver programs usually do not have a centralized care provider to manage their health care benefits and services. For the new Medicare prescription drug benefit, no individual is designated to assist participants with their prescription drug plan selection, comparison of formularies, and if necessary, management of their exceptions and appeals should a medication be denied by their plan. This paper offers state and federal policymakers…

  • Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage for Residents of Nursing Homes and Assisted Living Facilities: Special Problems and Concerns

    Issue Brief

    This issue brief describes Medicare drug benefit policy issues for residents of nursing homes and other long-term care settings, such as assisted living facilities and board and care facilities. The brief addresses differing rules for nursing home and non-nursing home settings, as well as for dual eligibles residing in long-term care facilities. Issue Brief (.pdf)

  • National Survey of Physicians Part IV: Doctors, Payors, and Low-Income Patients

    Poll Finding

    As part of the Kaiser Family Foundation's National Survey of Physicians, this portion of the survey examines differences in provider payment rates from different payors, such as Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurers, and explores providers experiences with these different payors and with providing treatment for uninsured and low-income patients. Highlights and Chart Pack

  • Is the State Fiscal Crisis Over?  A 2004 State Budget Update – Report

    Issue Brief

    Is the State Fiscal Crisis Over? A 2004 State Budget Update - Issue Brief This paper, which updates a September 2003 analysis by the Rockefeller Institute of Government, finds that although the state fiscal situation is improving, states are by no means out of the woods yet. Issue Brief (.pdf)

  • Health Coverage for Individuals Affected by Hurricane Katrina:

    Issue Brief

    A Comparison of Different Approaches to Extend Medicaid Coverage Approaches have been put forward to extend Medicaid coverage to Hurricane Katrina survivors, but they differ significantly regarding the extent to which they extend Medicaid eligibility and in the role of federal funding for coverage of Hurricane survivors. This publication provides an overview of these approaches and their key differences. First is a table comparing the major components of the September 15, 2005 Senate bill, the…

  • Medicaid Matters For Low Income Medicare Beneficiaries: A Video

    Event Date:
    Event

    In this video, Mildred Benham, a 68 year-old dual enrollee who lives in Bloomington, Illinois, describes the role Medicaid plays in providing services that Medicare does not, such as prescription drugs and personal care. Mildred is a typical dual enrollee in that she has multiple conditions, such as fibrosis of the lungs, rheumatoid arthritis, high blood pressure, and cataracts. To control her conditions, she takes 12 prescriptions a day. Because of her physical limitations, Medicaid…

  • The Role of Health Coverage for People with Disabilities: Findings from 12 Focus Groups with People with Disabilities

    Report

    This report presents findings from focus groups conducted with people with a range of disabilities in an effort to understand the challenges they face and their experiences in the health-care system. To capture variations in experiences by source of health insurance, the groups include people covered under Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance, as well as those no health insurance at all. The report highlights the ways in which various sources of insurance are working for…

  • Reports Explore Long-Term Care Issues Included in the Deficit Reduction Act

    Issue Brief

    The Deficit Reduction Act (DRA) of 2005, which became law this February, includes several significant changes to Medicaid long-term care policies. The Kaiser Family Foundation's Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured is releasing five new reports on long-term care issues that were addressed by the DRA changes. Long-term care accounts for 36 percent of Medicaid spending (over $100 billion annually) and is utilized by many of Medicaid's most costly beneficiaries, the low-income elderly and individuals…