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Prescription Drugs

Recent Trends in GLP-1 Use and Spending in Medicare

New data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services shows that use of and spending for GLP-1 drugs under Medicare grew substantially between 2019 and 2024. Medicare covers GLP-1 drugs for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and sleep apnea, but current law prohibits Medicare from covering drugs for weight loss.

FAQs About the IRA's Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program

A Current Snapshot of the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit

What to Know About Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) and Federal Efforts at Regulation

President Trump Proposes Codifying MFN Drug Pricing Deals But Key Details Are Missing

New & Noteworthy

What to Know About Pharmacy Benefit Managers and Federal Efforts at Regulation

The top three pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) manage 79% of prescription drug claims on behalf of 270 million people. We look at the role PBMs play in influencing drug costs and access to medicines, as well as efforts to regulate them.

State Profiles for Dual-Eligible Individuals

This data collection draws on Medicare and Medicaid administrative data to present national and state-level information on people who are covered by both Medicare and Medicaid, referred to as dual-eligible individuals (also known as dually-enrolled beneficiaries).

Medicare Advantage

Medicare Advantage Insurers Made Nearly 53 Million Prior Authorization Determinations in 2024

Medicare Advantage insurers made nearly 53 million prior authorization determinations in 2024, up from 49.8 million in 2023. They fully or partially denied 4.1 million, or 7.7%, of the prior authorization requests they received. Just 11.5% of all denials were appealed, but in the vast majority of those cases (80.7%) the initial denial was overturned.

Prior authorization determinations represent requests for approval that providers must submit before providing a service. Lawmakers of both major political parties have pressed insurers on their prior authorization practices, which consumers say unfairly erect barriers to needed care.

How Medicare Pays Medicare Advantage Plans: Issues and Policy Options

Medicare Advantage Enrollees Have Access to About Half of the Physicians Available to Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries

1 in 6 Medicare Advantage Enrollees Had a Diagnosis Added on a Chart Review That Increased Federal Payments to their Insurer

Medicare Advantage 2026 Spotlight: A First Look at Plan Offerings

Medicare Part D

Premiums Are Decreasing for Many Stand-Alone Part D Drug Plans in a Number of States in 2026

This analysis finds that monthly premiums for many Part D stand-alone prescription drug plans (PDPs) in a number of states will be lower in 2026 than they were this year. At the same time, the total number of PDPs, which provide prescription drug coverage to people in traditional Medicare, will fall for the third year in a row, as insurers continue to scale back their offerings and adjust to higher costs under the redesigned Part D benefit, reflecting changes in the Inflation Reduction Act.

The Uncertain Future of Medicare's Stand-Alone PDP Market and Why It Matters

Stand-Alone Drug Plans Cover a Larger Share of Part D Enrollees Living in the Most Rural Areas Than Medicare Advantage Plans

A Current Snapshot of the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit

Changes to Medicare Part D in 2024 and 2025 Under the Inflation Reduction Act and How Enrollees Will Benefit

Data Visualization

The Facts About Medicare Spending

This interactive provides the facts on Medicare spending. Medicare, which serves 67 million people and accounts for 12 percent of the federal budget and 21 percent of national health spending, is often the focus of discussions about health expenditures, health care affordability and the sustainability of federal health programs.

Explore data on enrollment growth, Medicare spending trends overall and per person, growth in Medicare spending relative to private insurance, spending on benefits and Medicare Advantage, Part A trust fund solvency challenges, and growth in out-of-pocket spending by beneficiaries.

Related: FAQs on Medicare Financing and Trust Fund Solvency

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Medicare Open Enrollment

Beneficiaries Have 32 Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug Plans Available, on Average, for 2026

The average Medicare beneficiary will be able to choose among 32 Medicare Advantage plans with prescription drug coverage for 2026, two fewer than in 2025. The number of MA-PD options has grown steadily since 2010, peaking in 2024 when the average Medicare beneficiary had 36 options. Open enrollment runs October 15 through December 7.

Also: Medicare Open Enrollment FAQs

Premiums Are Decreasing for Many Stand-Alone Drug Plans in a Number of States in 2026

A Current Snapshot of the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit

The Role of SHIPs in Helping People with Medicare Navigate Their Coverage

What to Know About the Medicare Open Enrollment Period and Medicare Coverage Options

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  • A Gender Gap in Economic Security for Seniors

    From Drew Altman

    Following up on an earlier column for The Wall Street Journal's Think Tank on seniors and poverty, Drew Altman looks at why older women will be more at risk of economic insecurity than men in the future.

  • A Gender Gap in Economic Security for Seniors

    News Release

    Following up on an earlier column for The Wall Street Journal's Think Tank on seniors and poverty, Drew Altman looks at why older women will be more at risk of economic insecurity than men in the future. All previous columns by Drew Altman are available.

  • Medicare Advantage Enrollment Continues to Climb, but Financial Protections for Enrollees Are Eroding 

    News Release

    Enrollment in Medicare Advantage continues to climb steadily as spending reductions enacted in the Affordable Care Act reduce historical overpayments to the private plans, according to a new analysis by the Kaiser Family Foundation. But limits on out-of-pocket spending for Medicare-covered services are rising, providing less protection for enrollees with relatively high health care expenses.

  • Amid Merger Talk, a Look at Health Insurers’ Medicare Business

    From Drew Altman

    With recent news about possible health insurance company mergers, Drew Altman looks beyond the impact on Wall Street to how mergers could affect Medicare beneficiaries in this column for The Wall Street Journal's Think Tank.

  • Data Note: Medicare Advantage Enrollment, by Firm, 2015

    Issue Brief

    A number of potential mergers and acquisitions between large firms that offer health insurance have been reported in the press. These mergers could affect consumers in the individual market, enrollees in the new federal and state Marketplaces, employees with employer-sponsored insurance, as well as people covered by public programs such as Medicare. This Data Note examines the Medicare Advantage market share of large firms that have reportedly engaged in merger and acquisition discussions: Aetna, Anthem, Cigna, Humana, and UnitedHealthcare.

  • A Primer on Medicare: Key Facts About the Medicare Program and the People it Covers

    Report

    This primer explains key elements of the Medicare program, which now provides health coverage to 55 million people -- including 46 million people age 65 and older and another 9 million younger adults with permanent disabilities. It looks at the characteristics of the Medicare population, what benefits are covered, how much people with Medicare pay for their benefits and the program’s overall costs and future financing challenges.

  • Medicare’s Income-Related Premiums: A Data Note

    Issue Brief

    This data note presents new information to help set a context for understanding the implications of recent changes to Medicare's income-related premiums incorporated in the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA), a new law to repeal and replace Medicare's Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) formula for physician payments. It describes current requirements with respect to the income-related premiums under Medicare Part B and Part D, including the number and share of Medicare beneficiaries who are estimated to pay income-related premiums and revenues raised from the income-related premium, based on data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Office of the Actuary (OACT). It also explains the recently enacted changes in MACRA that will affect some higher-income people on Medicare who are already paying income-related premiums, beginning in 2018.

  • Medicare 101: What You Need To Know

    Event Date:
    Event

    Hosted by the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Alliance for Health Reform, this briefing reviewed basic questions about the Medicare program, such as: What services does Medicare provide, and how does Medicare pay for these services? How is Medicare financed? What changes did the Affordable Care Act (ACA) make to Medicare? How fast is Medicare spending growing? What are current proposals to strengthen Medicare for the future, and what are prospects for action in the new Congress?

  • Income-Related Premiums in Medicare: Who Pays, and How Much Do They Pay?

    News Release

    Since 2007, seniors with incomes greater than $85,000 have had to pay higher premiums for Medicare than their counterparts with lower incomes.  Six percent of Medicare Part B enrollees are expected to pay higher monthly premiums in 2015, ranging from $147 to $336, depending on their income.

  • Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare: Is the Balance Tipping?

    Issue Brief

    In this brief, we look beneath national trends to examine Medicare Advantage penetration rates and growth rates in counties across the country to assess the extent to which Medicare Advantage plans are poised to cover more beneficiaries than traditional Medicare across the country.