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About the ACA

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Did the Affordable Care Act Make Health Care More Affordable?

The expiration of the ACA’s enhanced premium tax credits at the start of 2026, combined with rising insurer premiums, put a spotlight on health care affordability that extends beyond Marketplace enrollees. KFF’s Cynthia Cox examines the ACA’s record and the broader underlying question it raises: what’s a fair price for Americans people to pay for health care?

The ACA MarketplaceS

In Preliminary Rate Filings, ACA Marketplace Insurers Largely Propose Double-Digit Premium Increase For 2027, Following a Steep Climb This Year 

ACA Marketplace insurers are proposing a median premium increase of 14% for 2027— indicating a likely second consecutive year of double-digit increases, according to a new analysis of preliminary rate filings in 16 states and DC. If these increases hold, typical premiums for insurers participating in the ACA Marketplaces would jump by more than one-third between 2025 and 2027.

The Average Marketplace Deductible Grew by About $1,000 Per Person in 2026, With More Enrollees Shifting to Higher-Deductible Plans as Enhanced Tax Credits Expired

The average Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplace deductible experienced the steepest increase in history—growing by 37% or over $1,000, from $2,759 in 2025 to $3,786 in 2026 as enhanced premium tax credits expired, according to a new KFF analysis. After the enhanced tax credits ended, many Marketplace shoppers shifted toward lower-premium, higher-deductible plans.

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  • I can’t afford to pay much for deductibles and co-pays. Is there help for me in the Marketplace for cost sharing?

    FAQs

    Yes. If your household income is between 100% and 250% of the federal poverty level ($15,650 to $39,125 annually for a single person in 2026, or $32,150 to $80,375 for a family of four), you can qualify for cost-sharing reductions if you choose a Silver plan. These will reduce the deductibles, copays, and other cost sharing that would otherwise apply to covered services.

  • I estimate my income next year will be very low, so I need my premium tax credit all paid in advance. If, by the end of the year, it turns out my annual income was even lower than I expected and I could...

    FAQs

    No, your final premium tax credit amount will be determined based on your income for the year as reported on your tax return. The fact that it ended up being less than you expected does not mean you have to repay the advance premium tax credit paid on your behalf, even if you could have qualified for Medicaid. In fact, your final credit amount will likely be larger than the amount you received in advance.…

  • Can I adjust the level of subsidy I collect in advance when my income goes up or down during the year? How often during the year can I make adjustments?

    FAQs

    You can make adjustments during the year whenever you need to. There is no limit to the number of times a person may report income, family, or insurance-eligibility changes to the Marketplace. Changes that you report will be verified by the Marketplace. Then the Marketplace will send you a notice (called a redetermination notice) showing your revised eligibility for premium tax credits and cost-sharing reductions. The adjustment should take effect by the first day of…

  • I received a Form 1095-A from the Marketplace. What is that?

    FAQs

    Form 1095-A gives you information about the amount of advance premium tax credit (APTC) you received during the previous year. A copy of this form is also reported to the IRS. Keep this form with your other tax records. The APTC you received was based on the annual income you estimated you would earn when you signed up for Marketplace coverage. Now you must file a federal income tax return to compute your actual income for that coverage…

  • I had a Marketplace plan last year, but paid the full premium myself because I made too much to qualify for premium tax credits. When I did my taxes though, my income for the year ended up being less th...

    FAQs

    Yes. Premium tax credits can be claimed in advance (during the year) or when you file your taxes. To claim the credit, you will need to file a federal income tax return and Form 8962. Follow the instructions on Form 8962 to determine the amount of tax credit you should receive as a refund when you file your taxes.

  • What is Form 8962?

    FAQs

    If you received an advanced premium tax credit (APTC) through the Marketplace last year, you must file a Form 8962 with your federal income tax return in order to "reconcile" your estimated and actual income for the year, even if you estimated your income perfectly. You can get a blank Form 8962 from the IRS website, or, if you use tax preparation software, the form will be automatically generated for you. The instructions for Form…

  • I received a Form 1095-C in the mail. What’s that?

    FAQs

    Form 1095-C will indicate your name and the name of your employer, the months when you were eligible for coverage, and the cost to you of the cheapest monthly premium you could have enrolled in under your employer’s health plan. If you worked for a large employer that did not offer its full-time employees health coverage, Form 1095-C will also indicate that. Keep this form with your tax records. You may need this form if…

  • I’ve picked the plan I want. What do I do next, and where do I send my premium payments?

    FAQs

    Your enrollment in the health plan is not complete until the insurance company receives your first premium payment. Once you’ve selected your plan, the Marketplace will direct you to your insurance company’s website to make the first premium payment. In most states, you will make your premium payments directly to the health insurance company. Insurance companies must accept different forms of payment, including for those who do not have a credit card or bank account.…

  • I want to enroll in a Marketplace family plan to cover myself, my spouse, and our children. How will my family premium be calculated?

    FAQs

    Family premiums will reflect the composition of family members; in most states, this includes their ages and any tobacco use. To calculate a “family premium,” insurers will add together a separate premium for each adult age 21 and older. Insurers can charge a separate premium for up to three children under age 21. For example, if you have four children under age 21, your family premium will reflect two adult premiums and only three child…

  • Can I be charged more because of my age?

    FAQs

    Yes, in most states, you can be charged more based on your age, but within certain limits. For example, older adults in their sixties can be charged up to three times more than younger adults (e.g., in their early twenties). Some states have established lower limits or a complete prohibition on “age rating,” a federal policy that applies to all individual health insurance plans and those offered by fully-insured small employers, whether sold on or…