Affordable Care Act

About the ACA

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Did the Affordable Care Act Make Health Care More Affordable?

The expiration of the ACA’s enhanced premium tax credits at the start of 2026, combined with rising insurer premiums, put a spotlight on health care affordability that extends beyond Marketplace enrollees. KFF’s Cynthia Cox examines the ACA’s record and the broader underlying question it raises: what’s a fair price for Americans people to pay for health care?

The ACA MarketplaceS

In Preliminary Rate Filings, ACA Marketplace Insurers Largely Propose Double-Digit Premium Increase For 2027, Following a Steep Climb This Year 

ACA Marketplace insurers are proposing a median premium increase of 14% for 2027— indicating a likely second consecutive year of double-digit increases, according to a new analysis of preliminary rate filings in 16 states and DC. If these increases hold, typical premiums for insurers participating in the ACA Marketplaces would jump by more than one-third between 2025 and 2027.

The Average Marketplace Deductible Grew by About $1,000 Per Person in 2026, With More Enrollees Shifting to Higher-Deductible Plans as Enhanced Tax Credits Expired

The average Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplace deductible experienced the steepest increase in history—growing by 37% or over $1,000, from $2,759 in 2025 to $3,786 in 2026 as enhanced premium tax credits expired, according to a new KFF analysis. After the enhanced tax credits ended, many Marketplace shoppers shifted toward lower-premium, higher-deductible plans.

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  • KFF Follow-Up Survey of Marketplace Enrollees: Following End of Enhanced Credits, Half of Marketplace Enrollees Now Say Costs Are a Lot Higher, Most Expect to Cut Back on Basic Household Expenses to Afford Coverage

    News Release

    Following the expiration of the enhanced premium tax credits for people with Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplace plans, a new KFF follow-up survey of the same Marketplace enrollees KFF surveyed in 2025 finds half (51%) of returning enrollees say their health care costs are “a lot higher” this year compared to last year, including four in ten who specifically say their premiums are “a lot higher.”

  • A Note on How the War in Iran May Affect Health Care in the Midterms

    From Drew Altman

    In a new column, Dr. Drew Altman, KFF’s President and CEO, discusses the impact of the war in Iran and rising gas prices on voter concerns about health care costs. He writes: “Recently, we saw health care costs rise to the top of the public’s list of economic worries, ahead of food, housing, utility costs and the cost of gas….Expect gas prices to rise and health care costs to fall on the list of affordability…

  • Costs, Coverage, and Enrollment Changes: Exploring Current Public Opinion and Policy on the ACA Marketplaces

    Event Date:
    Event

    Following the expiration of the enhanced premium tax credits at the end of 2025, many Americans enrolled in the ACA Marketplaces have faced higher health care costs and reconsidered their coverage options given affordability concerns. To learn more, join KFF public opinion and policy experts for a virtual event focused on the key issues facing ACA Marketplace enrollees and policy considerations, particularly as health care cost and coverage issues rise to the top of voters’…

  • Children and Health Care Reform: Assuring Coverage That Meets Their Health Care Needs

    Issue Brief

    This issue brief examines the health care needs and health costs of children and analyzes the specific health care needs of two children in particular, including one with serious health challenges. The findings have implications for the health reform debate as policymakers consider minimum standards for coverage, required cost sharing amounts and limits on covered benefits in health plans. Issue Brief (.pdf)

  • Better Care & Lower Costs: Exploring the Promise of Patient Engagement

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    03/05/10 Engaging consumers more directly in their care may improve health outcomes and help control the costs of care. This briefing, cosponsored by the Alliance for Health Reform and the AARP Public Policy Institute, focused on the potential for changing consumer behavior to promote the use of effective interventions and discourage unnecessary care. It addressed questions such as: How promising are consumer engagement techniques such as patient self-management, shared decision-making and value-based insurance design? What…

  • What’s in There? An Ask-the-Experts Overview of the Health Reform Law

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    The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 are now law. But many people have questions about the new reforms. To answer questions about the major provisions of these two laws, the Alliance for Health Reform and The Commonwealth Fund sponsored an April 16 briefing. For more information, please visit Alliance's event page. Full Video   Speakers for this session: The panel is co-moderated by Karen…

  • Health Insurance Market Reforms: Rate Restrictions

    Fact Sheet

    Rate restrictions limit how much insurance companies can vary premiums charged to individuals and businesses based on factors such as health status, age, tobacco use and gender. Currently, federal law does not place any limits on the ways that insurance companies set their premium rates. However, beginning January 1, 2014, insurance companies must meet the Affordable Care Act's minimum premium rating rules for health plans for individuals and small businesses. This brief explains the current…

  • Implementing the ACA’s Medicaid-Related Health Reform Provisions After the Supreme Court’s Decision

    Issue Brief

    On June 28, 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). A majority of the Court also found the ACA’s Medicaid expansion unconstitutionally coercive of states, while a different majority of the Court held that this issue was fully remedied by limiting the Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary’s enforcement authority. The practical effect of the Court's decision makes the Medicaid expansion optional for states. This brief addresses questions…

  • Pathways to Payment Innovation in a Post-Health Reform Era

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    The new health reform law contains a number of changes in the way health care is paid for, particularly in public programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. The Alliance for Health Reform and The Commonwealth Fund sponsored a May 10 briefing which explored topics such as how some health care providers will be paid differently under reform, what effect this might have on payments across the health care system, and how providers are reacting. For…

  • Summary of Key Changes to Medicare in 2010 Health Reform Law   

    Issue Brief

    Summary of Key Changes to Medicare in 2010 Health Reform Law . This brief provides a detailed look at the improvements in Medicare benefits, changes to payments for providers and Medicare Advantage plans, various demonstration projects and other Medicare provisions in the law. It includes a timeline of key dates for implementing the Medicare-related provisions in the law.