Patient and Consumer Protections

Prior AUthorization

The Public’s Views and Experiences with Prior Authorization

Following a pledge by insurance companies to reduce the burden of prior authorizations, KFF’s Health Tracking Poll examines the publics experience with the process. The poll finds that most view insurers’ delays and denials as a problem, and few are aware of the newly announced pledge.

Medicare Advantage Insurers And Prior Authorization Determinations

Nearly 50 million prior authorization requests were submitted to Medicare Advantage insurers on behalf of Medicare Advantage enrollees in 2023, of which 3.2 million (6.4%) were denied. Just 11.7% of denied requests were appealed, though 81.7% of appeals overturned the initial denial in Medicare Advantage.

KFF issue brief on Prior Authorization Process Policies in Medicaid Managed Care: Findings from a Survey of State Medicaid Programs

Prior Authorization Process Policies in Medicaid Managed Care

This brief examines state policies related to prior authorization processes in Medicaid managed care and includes findings about how states approach prior authorization decision timeframes, electronic denial notices, and access to external medical reviews, all as of July 1, 2024.

Other Issues

Health Care Debt In The U.S.: The Broad Consequences Of Medical And Dental Bills

The KFF Health Care Debt Survey finds that four in ten adults have some form of health care debt, with most citing one-time or short-term medical expenses as the contributor. Many of those with health care debt report making personal sacrifices and enduring financial consequences as a result of their debt, while nearly one in five think they will never be able to pay off.

Claims Denials and Appeals in ACA Marketplace Plans in 2021

This analysis of HealthCare.gov Marketplace insurers’ transparency data finds that 17% of in-network claims were denied in 2021, with denial rates varying widely across insurers. Consumers appealed less than two-tenths of 1% of denied in-network claims.

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  • Consumer Survey Highlights Problems with Denied Health Insurance Claims

    Issue Brief

    This Data Note includes major findings from the KFF Consumer Survey on consumer experiences with claim denials. Among those who used the most health care over the past year, 27% experienced a denied claim. More consumers with private insurance experienced denied claims compared to Medicaid or Medicare.

  • Consumer Problems with Prior Authorization: Evidence from KFF Survey

    Issue Brief

    This Data Note highlights findings from the KFF Consumer Survey on problems consumers have experienced with prior authorization requirements. Overall, those with Medicaid, those who are higher utilizers of care, and those who seek certain types of care such as care for a mental health condition or diabetes encountered more problems with prior authorization over the past year.

  • KFF Research Shows that Medicare Open Enrollment TV Ads Are Dominated by Medicare Advantage Plans Featuring Celebrities, Active and Fit Seniors, and Promises of Savings and Extra Benefits Without Fundamental Plan Information

    News Release

    The annual blitz of ads for Medicare Advantage plans has become a rite of fall, as health insurers, brokers and other third parties seek to court enrollees for these private plans, which are offered to the 65 million people with Medicare during the program’s open enrollment season.

  • How Health Insurers and Brokers Are Marketing Medicare

    Report

    To capture the state of television marketing activities and consider the implications for people with Medicare, KFF analyzed ad data compiled by the Wesleyan Media Project, that were obtained from Vivvix (formerly Kantar) CMAG, a data analytics and consulting firm, and were coded by the Wesleyan Media Project in collaboration with KFF. The data set included all English-language TV ads that aired across national and local markets on broadcast television or national cable, from October 1st, 2022, through December 7th, 2022, the period that includes the Medicare open enrollment period for coverage in 2023.

  • New OIG Report Examines Prior Authorization Denials in Medicaid MCOs

    Policy Watch

    Congress asked the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of the Inspector General (OIG) to investigate whether Medicaid MCOs are providing medically necessary health care services to their enrollees. OIG found that Medicaid MCOs had an overall prior authorization denial rate of 12.5%–more than 2 times higher than the Medicare Advantage rate. Prior authorization denial rates ranged widely across and within parent firms and states. After a prior authorization request is denied, Medicaid enrollees can appeal, but it’s not always straightforward and many appeals don’t change the initial decision. Unlike in Medicare Advantage, if a Medicaid MCO upholds its original denial, there is no automatic, independent external medical review. OIG found that state Medicaid agency oversight of prior authorization denials is limited. The OIG report underscores concerns about prior authorization and access in Medicaid managed care, keeping this issue at the forefront of ongoing policy discussions.

  • Rise in Use of Mental Health Apps Raises New Policy Issues

    Issue Brief

    Use of digital behavioral health services increased during the COVID-19 pandemic when in-person visits were limited. This brief examines how different types of mental health apps are used, how federal policies during the pandemic affected the scope of services they could provide, and key issues to watch.

  • KFF Survey of Consumer Experiences with Health Insurance

    Poll Finding

    The survey finds nearly six in 10 people with health insurance experienced a problem using their insurance in the past year, with even larger shares reporting problems among people who are sick or who have mental health needs. It includes data for people with different types of coverage, including employer, Marketplace, Medicare and Medicaid, and also examines affordability issues and mental health access.