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KFF-New York Times Survey: Immigrants Report Rising Fear, Negative Economic and Health Impacts, and Changing Political Views During the First Year of President Trump’s Second Term

The 2025 Survey of Immigrants, a partnership between KFF and The New York Times, takes an in-depth look at the experiences of immigrants during the first year of President Trump’s second term, including their worries related to increased immigration enforcement, their health and economic wellbeing, and the political views and preferences of immigrant voters. The survey paints a portrait of families under strain — where fear of detention and economic instability are negatively impacting immigrants’ health and reshaping immigrant families’ daily lives and views of U.S. political parties.

Read the News Release | Explore The New York Times’ Reporting

Immigration Enforcement and Health

Refugees and Asylees: Recent Changes in Access to Health Coverage and Other Assistance

Refugees and asylees are humanitarian immigrants who are unable or unwilling to return to their home countries due to the threat of persecution. President Trump has largely eliminated entry of refugees and asylees into the U.S. and Congress passed new restrictions on their access to assistance programs - changes that could exacerbate the health and socioeconomic challenges refugees and asylees face. Our brief provides an overview of trends in admissions and changes in eligibility for assistance programs for refugees and asylees.

Recent State Actions Impacting Immigrants’ Access to State-Funded Health Coverage

Policy Bars Many Immigrants from a Broad Range of Federal Health and Social Supports

Health Issues for Immigrants in Detention Centers

What Privacy and Protection Standards are in Place for Medicaid Enrollees’ Personal Data? 

Key Facts and Analysis

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  • President Trump’s Recent Immigration Actions Could Affect Immigrant Families’ Health

    Quick Take

    President Trump has made a slew of immigration policy changes focused on restricting entry at the border and increasing interior enforcement efforts to support mass deportation…Previous KFF research provides a window into the likely health-related impacts of these actions. During the first Trump administration, restrictive immigration policies and increased enforcement activity led to increased fears among immigrant families across immigration statuses that had negative effects on health .

  • Title 42 and its Impact on Immigration and Migrant Families

    Issue Brief

    This brief provides an explanation of Title 42 and its application in border regions, the impact of Title 42 on border expulsions and the health and well-being of migrants during COVID-19, and a discussion of the potential implications of reinvoking Title 42 restrictions for immigration and the health of migrants.

  • Children of Immigrants: Key Facts on Health Coverage and Care

    Issue Brief

    This brief provides key data on socioeconomic characteristics and health coverage among children of immigrants based on KFF analysis of the American Community Survey data. It also examines potential implications of policies and actions that may be implemented by the incoming Trump administration.

  • President-Elect Trump May Again Invoke Title 42 to Restrict Immigration

    Quick Take

    Recent reports suggest President-elect Trump plans to reinvoke Title 42 public health restrictions to close the border between Mexico and the U.S upon taking office. Such action would restrict immigration to the U.S. under the rubric of public health protection.

  • How Pending Health-Related Lawsuits Could be Impacted by the Incoming Trump Administration

    Issue Brief

    This brief provides an overview of current lawsuits in health policy including preventive services, abortion care, gender affirming care, Medicare drug price negotiations, nursing home staffing rules, private coverage consumer protections, and protections and health coverage for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients; how they may be affected by the incoming Trump administration; and the implications of their potential outcomes.

  • Understanding Racial and Ethnic Identity in Federal Data and Impacts for Health Disparities

    Issue Brief

    How race, ethnicity, and nationality have been defined and measured has important implications for health disparities, affecting who can access health, social, and economic resources. While narrow and inconsistent race and ethnicity categories have obscured inequities and limited the ability to address the diverse needs of different populations, data on race and ethnicity have also been used to address disparities by informing policies and interventions.

  • Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: Potential Implications of the Election

    Issue Brief

    Former President Trump and Vice President Harris have taken widely different stances and approaches on recognizing and addressing racial and ethnic disparities. These differences can be seen across areas of health care, including health coverage, reproductive and maternal health, and immigrant health and well-being and are likely to have important implications for future efforts to address health disparities.