Affordable Care Act

About the ACA

Promotional image for KFF video How Affordable is the Affordable Care Act

Did the Affordable Care Act Make Health Care More Affordable?

The expiration of the ACA’s enhanced premium tax credits at the start of 2026, combined with rising insurer premiums, put a spotlight on health care affordability that extends beyond Marketplace enrollees. KFF’s Cynthia Cox examines the ACA’s record and the broader underlying question it raises: what’s a fair price for Americans people to pay for health care?

The ACA MarketplaceS

In Preliminary Rate Filings, ACA Marketplace Insurers Largely Propose Double-Digit Premium Increase For 2027, Following a Steep Climb This Year 

ACA Marketplace insurers are proposing a median premium increase of 14% for 2027— indicating a likely second consecutive year of double-digit increases, according to a new analysis of preliminary rate filings in 16 states and DC. If these increases hold, typical premiums for insurers participating in the ACA Marketplaces would jump by more than one-third between 2025 and 2027.

The Average Marketplace Deductible Grew by About $1,000 Per Person in 2026, With More Enrollees Shifting to Higher-Deductible Plans as Enhanced Tax Credits Expired

The average Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplace deductible experienced the steepest increase in history—growing by 37% or over $1,000, from $2,759 in 2025 to $3,786 in 2026 as enhanced premium tax credits expired, according to a new KFF analysis. After the enhanced tax credits ended, many Marketplace shoppers shifted toward lower-premium, higher-deductible plans.

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  • Surprise Medical Bills

    Issue Brief

    This brief explores the problem of "surprise medical bills" -- charges arising when an insured individual inadvertently receives care from an out-of-network provider. It reviews studies on the extent of the issue, including Kaiser Family Foundation polling data, and outlines state and federal policy responses, including rules and proposed rules for Medicare and plans in Affordable Care Act marketplaces.

  • A Guide to Understanding Medicaid Expansion Waivers as States Debate What to Do Under the ACA

    News Release

    With the recent governors’ elections in Kentucky and Louisiana refocusing attention on state Medicaid expansion decisions, a newly updated issue brief from the Kaiser Family Foundation provides an overview of the waivers obtained by six states – Arkansas, Iowa, Michigan, Indiana, New Hampshire and Montana -- that are pursuing alternative Medicaid expansions under the Affordable Care Act.

  • Analysis of UnitedHealth Group’s Premiums and Participation in ACA Marketplaces

    Issue Brief

    This analysis looks at how a potential withdrawal by UnitedHealth Group from the Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplaces in 2017 could impact insurer competition and premiums, finding a significant impact in some markets, though it would have a minimal effect on the average benchmark premium nationwide, The impacts of a UnitedHealth withdrawal would vary considerably by state and market area, with a more pronounced effect in rural areas. Since UnitedHealth often is not one of…

  • Insurer Competition, Monthly Premiums Could Be Affected in Some Markets if UnitedHealth Group Exits ACA Marketplaces

    News Release

    A withdrawal by UnitedHealth Group from the Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplaces in 2017 could have a significant impact on insurer competition and premiums in some markets, though it would have a minimal effect on the average benchmark premium nationwide, according to a new analysis from the Kaiser Family Foundation. Late last year, UnitedHealth announced that it experienced significant financial losses in ACA compliant plans and that it would decide about future participation in ACA…

  • Is ACA Coverage Affordable for Low-Income People? Perspectives from Individuals in Six Cities

    Issue Brief

    This brief presents findings from focus groups with low-income Medicaid and Marketplace enrollees in six cities: Baltimore, MD; Columbus, OH; Oakland, CA; Richmond, VA; St. Louis, MO; and Tampa, FL. It explores their experiences signing up for coverage; their perceptions of whether the costs they pay for their coverage are affordable; their experiences accessing care; and the impact of out-of-pocket costs on their ability to get needed care. It provides insights into the ongoing financial…

  • Kaiser Health Tracking Poll: April 2016

    Report

    The April Kaiser Health Tracking Poll examines the role of health care issues in the presidential election. Health care is one of the top four issues mentioned by voters when asked which issues they most want to hear candidates discuss in the campaign, but half as many cite health care as mention the economy and jobs. It also examines the public’s experiences with prescription painkiller abuse and access to mental health care, as well as…

  • JAMA Forum: Reports of Obamacare’s Demise Are Greatly Exaggerated

    Perspective

    In this post for The JAMA Forum, the Kaiser Family Foundation's Larry Levitt discusses UnitedHealth’s exit from Affordable Care Act marketplaces, the possibility of bigger premium increases in 2017, and why these challenges are unlikely to significantly affect long-term sustainability of the market and the law.

  • Amid Primary Debate about Universal Coverage, Most Democrats Now Want to Expand the Affordable Care Act, Leading to Somewhat Less Favorable Views of the Law Itself

    News Release

    Voters Rank Health Care Fourth As Issue for Presidential Candidates to Discuss With the Democratic presidential primary featuring a debate about how to get to universal health coverage in the United States, the latest Kaiser Health Tracking Poll finds most Democrats want Congress to expand the Affordable Care Act, contributing to a widening gap between unfavorable and favorable views of the health reform law. Overall the poll finds that this month 49 percent of the…