Patient and Consumer Protections

Prior AUthorization

The Public’s Views and Experiences with Prior Authorization

Following a pledge by insurance companies to reduce the burden of prior authorizations, KFF’s Health Tracking Poll examines the publics experience with the process. The poll finds that most view insurers’ delays and denials as a problem, and few are aware of the newly announced pledge.

Medicare Advantage Insurers And Prior Authorization Determinations

Nearly 50 million prior authorization requests were submitted to Medicare Advantage insurers on behalf of Medicare Advantage enrollees in 2023, of which 3.2 million (6.4%) were denied. Just 11.7% of denied requests were appealed, though 81.7% of appeals overturned the initial denial in Medicare Advantage.

KFF issue brief on Prior Authorization Process Policies in Medicaid Managed Care: Findings from a Survey of State Medicaid Programs

Prior Authorization Process Policies in Medicaid Managed Care

This brief examines state policies related to prior authorization processes in Medicaid managed care and includes findings about how states approach prior authorization decision timeframes, electronic denial notices, and access to external medical reviews, all as of July 1, 2024.

Other Issues

Health Care Debt In The U.S.: The Broad Consequences Of Medical And Dental Bills

The KFF Health Care Debt Survey finds that four in ten adults have some form of health care debt, with most citing one-time or short-term medical expenses as the contributor. Many of those with health care debt report making personal sacrifices and enduring financial consequences as a result of their debt, while nearly one in five think they will never be able to pay off.

Claims Denials and Appeals in ACA Marketplace Plans in 2021

This analysis of HealthCare.gov Marketplace insurers’ transparency data finds that 17% of in-network claims were denied in 2021, with denial rates varying widely across insurers. Consumers appealed less than two-tenths of 1% of denied in-network claims.

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  • Private Contracts Between Doctors and Medicare Patients: Key Questions and Implications of Proposed Policy Changes

    Issue Brief

    Changes in Medicare’s private contracting laws could have significant implications for beneficiaries, doctors, and the Medicare program. This brief summarizes the three options that physicians and practitioners currently have for charging Medicare patients, explains how private contracting works in Medicare under current law, and reviews current proposals on changes to private contracting in Medicare, as well as their implications for patients, physicians, and the Medicare program.

  • Paying a Visit to the Doctor: Current Financial Protections for Medicare Patients When Receiving Physician Services

    Issue Brief

    This issue brief explains provisions in current law that shield beneficiaries from unexpected and confusing charges when they see physicians and practitioners—namely, the participating provider program, limitation on balance billing, and conditions on private contracting for doctors who opt out of Medicare or join “concierge” practices. It also analyzes the implications of modifying these provisions for beneficiaries, providers, and the Medicare program.

  • Workplace Wellness Programs Characteristics and Requirements

    Issue Brief

    This issue brief summarizes what’s known about workplace wellness programs offered by employers today and the use of financial incentives to encourage workers to participate. Findings are drawn from the KFF/HRET Annual Employer Health Benefits Survey. In addition, the brief reviews proposed changes by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in federal standards governing financial incentives by workplace wellness programs and how these changes might balance the use of incentives against other discrimination and privacy protections.

  • Surprise Medical Bills

    Issue Brief

    This brief explores the problem of "surprise medical bills" -- charges arising when an insured individual inadvertently receives care from an out-of-network provider. It reviews studies on the extent of the issue, including Kaiser Family Foundation polling data, and outlines state and federal policy responses, including rules and proposed rules for Medicare and plans in Affordable Care Act marketplaces.

  • JAMA Forum: Surprise, Surprise

    Perspective

    Larry Levitt's February 2016 post explains how "surprise medical bills" -- unanticipated charges for out-of-network care - can happen. It describes some government approaches to the issue and outlines the challenges to protecting consumers. The post is now available at The JAMA Forum.

  • 2015 Survey of Health Insurance Marketplace Assister Programs and Brokers

    Report

    This nationwide survey analysis of Marketplace consumer assistance programs and brokers examines the nature of Marketplace assistance during the second open enrollment period for 2015 coverage, and offers unique insights into how Affordable Care Act (ACA) implementation is progressing, what is changing, and what challenges remain. Building upon our Survey of Health Insurance Marketplace Assister Programs (2014), the analysis compares Assister Program capacity and experiences from the first open enrollment period to the next, and also includes the enrollment experience of brokers for the first time.