Trends & Indicators Chartbook 2004: Exhibit 2.3: Health Plan Enrollment for Covered Workers, by Plan Type, 1988-2005

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Exhibit 2.3: Health Plan Enrollment for Covered Workers, by Plan Type, 1988-2005

The increase in enrollment in managed care plans (including HMOs, PPOs, and POS plans) has been dramatic, rising from 27% of workers covered by employer plans in 1988 to 97% in 2005. PPO enrollment increased from 11% to 61% of covered workers from 1988 to 2005; HMO enrollment increased from 16% in 1988 to 31% in 1996, but has since declined to 21% in 2005. Conventional Fee-For-Service enrollment has declined from 73% of total enrollment in 1988 to 3% in 2005.

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*Distribution is statistically different from the previous year shown at p<.05. No statistical tests were conducted for years prior to 1999.
^Information was not obtained for POS plans in 1988.

Note: A portion of the change in enrollment for 2005 is likely attributable to incorporating more recent Census Bureau estimates of the number of state and local government workers and removing federal workers from the weights.

Source: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 1999-2005; KPMG Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 1993, 1996, 1998; The Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA), 1988. From Exhibit 5.1, at http://www.kff.org/insurance/7315/sections/ehbs05-5-1.cfm.

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Trends and Indicators in the Changing Health Care Marketplace
Information provided by the Health Care Marketplace Project.
Publication Number: 7031
Information Updated: 04/27/06